Non-communicable diseases and risk factors profiling among geriatric population residing in Hyderabad city, India

Abstract

Background

India's aging population, expected to reach 340 million by 2050, faces a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

Objective

In this study, we assessed the prevalence of Non communicable diseases among the elderly population residing in Hyderabad city in India and identified the associated risk factors.

Methods

We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in an urban locality of Hyderabad city, Telangana state among 1320 elderly individuals aged 60 years and above. Data on anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, socio-economic factors, and NCD history were collected using structured questionnaires and standardized tools. We have used descriptive statistics to estimate the burden of NCDs and a multivariable logistic regression was used for identifying the associated risk factors.

Results

We observed that among elderly population, 49.9% (95% CI 47.2%-52.6%) had reported hypertension, 25.8% (95% CI 23.5%-28.3%) had diabetes, and 44.3% (41%-47.5%) were obese, with women having notably higher burden for all three conditions. Dietary patterns showed moderate diversity, with only 41.2% elderly population consuming protein-rich foods weekly followed by 74.4% consuming vegetables. Multivariable analysis revealed that individuals with obesity had increased odds of hypertension (AOR 2.59; 95% CI 1.83–3.66) and diabetes (1.65; 95% CI 1.03–2.63) compared to individuals without obesity. The participants with abnormal waist hip ratio were at higher odds of having hypertension (AOR 1.66; 95% CI; 1.03–2.67).

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the significant burden of NCDs among urban elderly, driven by obesity and suboptimal dietary patterns. Public health policies should prioritize focusing on balanced nutrition for control of NCDs among elderly population.