Odor nuisance, environmental impact and health risk of priority-controlled VOCs generated from three decentralized aerobic biological modes in treating rural perishable waste

IF 5.8 3区环境科学与生态学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Pollution Research Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI:10.1007/s11356-025-36350-2

Qihang Zhang, Shiting Ruan, Ruiqian Zhang, Zhashiquzong /, Weixiang Wu

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Abstract

Utilization of perishable waste has emerged as the pivotal factor in enhancing the quality and efficiency of garbage classification in rural regions of China. Nevertheless, the operation of small-scale decentralized aerobic biological treatment facilities in rural areas will inevitably result in the emission of malodorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, VOCs emission characteristics of three typical decentralized facilities for the treatment of perishable waste in rural areas were investigated using cold trap enrichment combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to elucidate the characteristics and potential effects on environment and human health. The concentration range of different points in the mechanical composting (MC) treatment mode is from 43.555 to 4154.281 (mean value, 947.292) µg/m³, in the solar-assisted composting (SAC) it is from 99.050 to 2064.308 (636.170) µg/m³, and in the bioconversion by black soldier fly larvae (BBSF) it is 93.712 to 718.644 (283.444) µg/m³. Odor nuisance analysis showed that oxygenated compounds and aromatic compounds were the main odoriferous VOCs. Among all detected VOCs, o-xylene, toluene, and acrolein have the highest ozone formation potential (OFP). Toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene are the VOCs with secondary organic aerosol generation potential (SOAP). Health risk analysis revealed that six VOCs collectively represent a potential carcinogenic risk, while acrolein exhibits a non-carcinogenic risk. In light of the odor nuisance, environmental impact, and potential health risk, the priority-controlled VOCs identified in decentralized aerobic treatment modes of rural perishable waste were acrolein, benzyl chloride, ethyl acetate, etc. The findings of this research can serve as a valuable reference for the selection of proper strategies in the precise control of VOCs.

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三种分散式好氧生物模式处理农村易腐垃圾优先控制VOCs的气味滋扰、环境影响及健康风险

易腐垃圾的利用已成为提高中国农村垃圾分类质量和效率的关键因素。然而，农村地区小型分散式好氧生物处理设施的运行不可避免地会产生恶臭的挥发性有机物（VOCs）的排放。本研究采用冷阱富集-气相色谱-质谱相结合的方法，对农村3个典型的分散式易腐垃圾处理设施的VOCs排放特征进行了研究，以阐明其特征及其对环境和人体健康的潜在影响。机械堆肥（MC）处理方式的不同浓度范围为43.555 ~ 4154.281（平均值947.292）µg/m3，太阳能辅助堆肥（SAC）处理方式的浓度范围为99.050 ~ 2064.308（636.170）µg/m3，黑虻幼虫生物转化（BBSF）处理方式的浓度范围为93.712 ~ 718.644（283.444）µg/m3。气味滋扰分析表明，含氧化合物和芳香化合物是主要的恶臭挥发性有机化合物。在检测到的VOCs中，邻二甲苯、甲苯和丙烯醛的臭氧形成电位（OFP）最高。甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯是具有二次有机气溶胶生成潜力的VOCs。健康风险分析显示，六种挥发性有机化合物共同具有潜在的致癌风险，而丙烯醛具有非致癌风险。从恶臭、环境影响和潜在健康风险等方面考虑，分散好氧处理方式对农村易腐性废弃物的优先控制VOCs为丙烯醛、氯化苄、乙酸乙酯等。本研究结果可为VOCs精准控制策略的选择提供有价值的参考。

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来源期刊

Environmental Science and Pollution Research 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

17.20%

发文量

6549

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) serves the international community in all areas of Environmental Science and related subjects with emphasis on chemical compounds. This includes: - Terrestrial Biology and Ecology - Aquatic Biology and Ecology - Atmospheric Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology/Biobased Energy Sources - Phytoremediation and Ecosystem Restoration - Environmental Analyses and Monitoring - Assessment of Risks and Interactions of Pollutants in the Environment - Conservation Biology and Sustainable Agriculture - Impact of Chemicals/Pollutants on Human and Animal Health It reports from a broad interdisciplinary outlook.