Quantifying Effects of Design Features on Youth Bicycle Helmet Performance During Oblique Impacts.

IF 3 2区医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Annals of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI:10.1007/s10439-025-03730-1

Caitlyn Jung, Nicole E-P Stark, Susanna M Gagliardi, Mark T Begonia, Steve Rowson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: Cycling is a leading cause of youth sports-related head injury in the U.S. Although youth bicycle helmets sold in the U.S. comply with safety standards limiting head linear acceleration, there needs to be more information on relative differences in protection between helmets that pass. Additionally, studies have yet to look at quantifying youth bicycle helmet performance with respect to their design.

Methods: Twenty-one youth bicycle helmet models were subjected to oblique impacts at three locations and two impact speeds where peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak rotational acceleration (PRA) were quantified. Design features were characterized, including expanded polystyrene (EPS) thickness and presence of shell protrusions. A linear mixed model was used to quantify the effects of design features on PLA and PRA.

Results: The youth bicycle helmet models evaluated produced wide ranges in kinematics across all configurations. PLA averaged 95.9 ± 26.1 g at 3.1 m/s and 170.1 ± 43.5 g at 5.2 m/s, while PRA averaged 3150 ± 1275 rad/s² at 3.1 m/s and 4990 ± 1977 rad/s² at 5.2 m/s. Impact location, impact speed, and EPS thickness had strong effects on PLA and PRA, whereas shell protrusions only had strong effects on PLA.

Conclusion: Youth bicycle helmets with thicker EPS, thinner shells, and shell protrusions at impact locations improved the linear and rotational kinematic measures. Limitations include the small sample size and the impacts analyzed not representing all possible real-world scenarios.

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尽管在美国销售的青少年自行车头盔符合限制头部线性加速度的安全标准，但仍需要更多关于合格头盔之间相对保护差异的信息。此外，还没有研究对青少年自行车头盔的设计性能进行量化：方法：对 21 个型号的青少年自行车头盔在三个位置和两种冲击速度下进行了斜向冲击，对峰值线性加速度 (PLA) 和峰值旋转加速度 (PRA) 进行了量化。设计特征包括发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）厚度和外壳突起的存在。采用线性混合模型来量化设计特征对 PLA 和 PRA 的影响：结果：所评估的青少年自行车头盔模型在所有配置中都产生了较大的运动学差异。PLA 在 3.1 m/s 时平均为 95.9 ± 26.1 g，在 5.2 m/s 时平均为 170.1 ± 43.5 g，而 PRA 在 3.1 m/s 时平均为 3150 ± 1275 rad/s2 ，在 5.2 m/s 时平均为 4990 ± 1977 rad/s2。撞击位置、撞击速度和 EPS 厚度对 PLA 和 PRA 有很大影响，而外壳突起只对 PLA 有很大影响：结论：采用较厚发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）、较薄外壳以及在撞击位置有外壳突起的青少年自行车头盔改善了线性和旋转运动学测量。局限性包括样本量较小，所分析的撞击并不代表现实世界中所有可能发生的情况。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Biomedical Engineering 工程技术-工程：生物医学

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

15.80%

发文量

212

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Annals of Biomedical Engineering is an official journal of the Biomedical Engineering Society, publishing original articles in the major fields of bioengineering and biomedical engineering. The Annals is an interdisciplinary and international journal with the aim to highlight integrated approaches to the solutions of biological and biomedical problems.