The importance of the YG1041 Salmonella strain in the mutagenicity characterization of azo dyes

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2025.115427

Gabriely F. Groto Militão , Anjaína F. de Albuquerque , Nelson R. Vinueza , Marina Tenório Botelho , Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Azo dyes, classified by the functional group (-NN-) are widely used in various industries. Among them, disperse dyes are particularly important because of their low cost, colour versatility, and compatibility with polyester, the most popular synthetic fiber. Because several azo dyes are known to be mutagenic and therefore potentially carcinogenic, new dyes from this class need to have their genotoxic hazard characterized. This study aimed to assess the mutagenicity of five high-purity disperse azo dyes (≥97 %) using a miniaturized, Microplate agar (MPA) version of the Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test). The MPA with Salmonella strains YG1041, TA98, and TA100 was used to reduce the amount of dyes needed. All five dyes were mutagenic in YG1041, but only one was mutagenic with TA98, and none were positive in TA100. Based on our data and the literature reviewed, we recommend the inclusion of YG1041 in the battery of strains used to evaluate azo dyes. This work also demonstrates the efficacy of the MPA for characterizing mutagenicity of substances with small amounts of test sample.

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YG1041沙门氏菌在偶氮染料致突变性鉴定中的重要性。

按官能团（-N=N-）分类的偶氮染料广泛应用于各行各业。其中，分散染料尤为重要，因为它们成本低、颜色多变，而且与最流行的合成纤维聚酯相容。由于已知几种偶氮染料具有诱变性，因此可能致癌，因此需要对该类新染料的遗传毒性危害进行鉴定。本研究旨在使用沙门氏菌/微粒体试验（艾姆斯试验）的微型化微孔板琼脂（MPA）来评估五种高纯度分散偶氮染料（≥97%）的诱变性。使用沙门氏菌菌株 YG1041、TA98 和 TA100 的 MPA 来减少所需的染料量。所有五种染料对 YG1041 都有致突变性，但只有一种对 TA98 有致突变性，对 TA100 没有致突变性。根据我们的数据和查阅的文献，我们建议将 YG1041 纳入用于评估偶氮染料的菌株中。这项工作还证明了 MPA 在用少量测试样本鉴定物质诱变性方面的有效性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology 工程技术-毒理学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

4.70%

发文量

651

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs. The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following: -Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances -New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology -Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena -Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability. Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.