{"title":"Characterization and sources of indoor and outdoor microplastics and PM2.5: Possible relationships","authors":"Han Zheng, Kaixing Yao, Huibin Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01667-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) were caused adverse impacts on the marine and terrestrial environments. MPs have been detected in atmospheric deposition, in both large cities and remote areas, raising concern for human health due to their potential intake. In this work, we report atmospheric deposition of MPs indoors and outdoors and explore the characteristics, and sources of atmospheric MPs. The characteristics of MPs in samples were detected via laser direct infrared (LDIR) spectroscopy and intelligent ultra-depth field microscopy. The potential sources of MPs were determined by backward trajectory analysis. All samples contained MPs, and the average concentrations were 241 ± 17 MPs/m<sup>2</sup>/d (outdoor) and 160 ± 7 MPs/m<sup>2</sup>/d (indoor). The observed MPs exhibited various colours, with black MPs accounting for the overwhelming majority (92%). The proportion of MPs with diameters smaller than 20 μm – 80 μm was 70%. Pellets were the most abundant shape of all MPs (60.4% ± 11%), followed by fragments (22.5% ± 3%) and fibres (17.1% ± 15%). In all samples, 7 polymers were detected, cellulose (average proportion: 66.1%) and polyamide (PA; average proportion: 12.5%) occupied the highest proportion. Follow by Fluorocarbon Rubber (FKM) 10.7%, Polyvinylchloride (PVC 8.4%), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET 1.4%), Polyurethane (PU 0.5%), Polystyrene (PS 0.5%). Backward trajectory analysis revealed the influence of wind on MPs and PM<sub>2.5</sub> transport, and potential source contribution analysis demonstrated the potential sources of MPs. The results of this study indicated that PA accounted for the highest proportion of MPs (average proportion: 47.1%), followed by PVC 43.5%, PET 4.7%, PU 2.4%, PS 2.4%. Pellets were the most abundant of the three shapes. The influence of the airflow trajectory on MPs and PM<sub>2.5</sub> transport is remarkable, and the concentrations of these two pollutants were significantly correlated (r = 0.322, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Therefore, it is necessary to invest more effort in exploring the sources and transmission of MPs and developing routine MPs detection programs.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 3","pages":"645 - 656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-024-01667-3","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) were caused adverse impacts on the marine and terrestrial environments. MPs have been detected in atmospheric deposition, in both large cities and remote areas, raising concern for human health due to their potential intake. In this work, we report atmospheric deposition of MPs indoors and outdoors and explore the characteristics, and sources of atmospheric MPs. The characteristics of MPs in samples were detected via laser direct infrared (LDIR) spectroscopy and intelligent ultra-depth field microscopy. The potential sources of MPs were determined by backward trajectory analysis. All samples contained MPs, and the average concentrations were 241 ± 17 MPs/m2/d (outdoor) and 160 ± 7 MPs/m2/d (indoor). The observed MPs exhibited various colours, with black MPs accounting for the overwhelming majority (92%). The proportion of MPs with diameters smaller than 20 μm – 80 μm was 70%. Pellets were the most abundant shape of all MPs (60.4% ± 11%), followed by fragments (22.5% ± 3%) and fibres (17.1% ± 15%). In all samples, 7 polymers were detected, cellulose (average proportion: 66.1%) and polyamide (PA; average proportion: 12.5%) occupied the highest proportion. Follow by Fluorocarbon Rubber (FKM) 10.7%, Polyvinylchloride (PVC 8.4%), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET 1.4%), Polyurethane (PU 0.5%), Polystyrene (PS 0.5%). Backward trajectory analysis revealed the influence of wind on MPs and PM2.5 transport, and potential source contribution analysis demonstrated the potential sources of MPs. The results of this study indicated that PA accounted for the highest proportion of MPs (average proportion: 47.1%), followed by PVC 43.5%, PET 4.7%, PU 2.4%, PS 2.4%. Pellets were the most abundant of the three shapes. The influence of the airflow trajectory on MPs and PM2.5 transport is remarkable, and the concentrations of these two pollutants were significantly correlated (r = 0.322, p < 0.01). Therefore, it is necessary to invest more effort in exploring the sources and transmission of MPs and developing routine MPs detection programs.
期刊介绍：
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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