Enhanced strain of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectrics ceramics: domain structure evolution induced by electric-fields and temperature

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Rare Metals Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1007/s12598-024-03139-0

Yi-Jin Hao, Xiao-Qi Gao, Yu-Cheng Tang, Le-Tian Xie, Hao-Yu Xu, Xiao-Xiao Zhou, Jin-Hao Hu, Huan Liu, He-Zhang Li, Bo-Ping Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The study of BiFeO₃-0.3BaTiO₃ ceramics has gained significant attention due to their high Curie temperature (T_C ≥ 450 °C) and excellent piezoelectric properties (d₃₃ ≥ 200 pC·N⁻¹). These are particularly pronounced near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region where coexisting rhombohedral and pseudocubic (R-PC) phases are observed. In addition, as the BaTiO₃ content increases, BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ ceramics gradually become dominated by a single pseudocubic (PC-) phase. This shift results in a decrease in piezoelectric properties but an enhancement in strain performance. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The high strain properties observed in non-MPB compositions provide a motivation for further investigation into these mechanisms. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the electric-field and temperature-induced domain structure evolution in BiFeO₃-0.4BaTiO₃, which is predominately characterized by the PC phase. Piezoresponse force microscope (PFM) observations reveal the presence of nanodomains and stripy domains associated with polar nanoregions (PNRs), as well as relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs) and/or ferroelectrics (FEs). The RFEs exhibit a significantly better strain response than the FEs, providing direct evidence for the enhanced strain properties of RFEs. Elevated-temperature Raman spectroscopy confirms a decrease in B-O bonding and BO₆ deformation, along with an increase in structural symmetry, indicating the formation of RFEs and/or PNRs. The phase diagram shows the Burns temperature (T_B), dielectric maxima temperature (T_m) and freezing temperature (T_f) evaluated from the dielectric spectra; the temperature-induced evolution of domain structures; and the sequential quasi-dielectric states: PNRs, RFEs and FEs. The evolution of the domain structure, including the morphology and ratio of FEs, RFEs and PNRs, induced by either electric-fields or temperature strongly affects the strain properties of RFEs. A superior piezoelectric coefficient of d₃₃^* = 533 pm·V⁻¹ at 40 kV·cm⁻¹ and a large electric strain of S_uni = 0.285% are obtained. These results further validate that domain modulation can effectively enhance the strain properties of BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ ceramics, which makes them promising candidates for actuator applications.

Graphical abstract

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BiFeO3-BaTiO3弛豫铁电陶瓷的强化应变：电场和温度诱导的畴结构演变

BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3陶瓷由于其高居里温度（TC≥450℃）和优异的压电性能（d33≥200 pC·N−1）而受到广泛关注。在形向相边界（MPB）区域附近，观察到共存的菱形相和伪形相（R-PC），这种现象尤为明显。此外，随着BaTiO3含量的增加，BiFeO3-BaTiO3陶瓷逐渐以单一的伪晶相（PC-）为主。这种转变导致压电性能下降，但应变性能增强。然而，其潜在机制尚不清楚。在非mpb组合物中观察到的高应变特性为进一步研究这些机制提供了动力。本文详细分析了以PC相为主要特征的BiFeO3-0.4BaTiO3在电场和温度作用下的畴结构演变过程。压电响应力显微镜（PFM）的观察揭示了与极性纳米区（pnr）相关的纳米畴和条纹畴的存在，以及弛豫铁电体（rfe）和/或铁电体（FEs）。rfe的应变响应明显优于FEs，为rfe的应变性能增强提供了直接证据。高温拉曼光谱证实了B-O键和BO6变形的减少，以及结构对称性的增加，表明形成了rfe和/或pnr。相图显示了由介电光谱计算得到的燃烧温度（TB）、介电最高温度（Tm）和冻结温度（Tf）；温度诱导的畴结构演化；顺序准介电态：PNRs、rfe和FEs。电场或温度诱导的畴结构演变，包括FEs、rfe和PNRs的形貌和比例，对rfe的应变性能有很大影响。在40 kV·cm−1时，压电系数d33* = 533 pm·V−1，电应变Suni = 0.285%。这些结果进一步验证了畴调制可以有效地提高BiFeO3-BaTiO3陶瓷的应变性能，使其成为执行器应用的有希望的候选者。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Rare Metals 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

12.50%

发文量

2919

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： Rare Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. It serves as a platform for engineers and scientists to communicate and disseminate original research articles in the field of rare metals. The journal focuses on a wide range of topics including metallurgy, processing, and determination of rare metals. Additionally, it showcases the application of rare metals in advanced materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, composites, and ceramics.