Emerging frontiers in spiropyran-driven photoresponsive drug delivery systems and technologies

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Dyes and Pigments Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112793

Ishana Kathuria, Satish Kumar

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Abstract

Photoresponsive moieties have been classified as powerful tools in developing drug delivery systems due to their ability to respond to light with great spatial and temporal precision. Among various stimuli, visible light is useful and effective because it is easy to get, doesn't hurt, and gives better control over space and time. A variety of photosensitive drug delivery systems are being used to control where and when drugs are given to improve how well they work and keep people safe. Some photochromic probes can only be used once (because the light causes an irreversible structural change that causes the full dose to be released), while others can be used more than once because they can be switched back and forth between light and dark. Spiropyran-based photoresponsive drug delivery systems, which have attracted a lot of interest because of their unique ability to undergo reversible isomerization between their closed-ring (spiropyran) and open-ring (merocyanine) forms under light irradiation, are especially under focus. This reversible transition allows for drug-controlled release in response to specific wavelengths of light. This review discusses recent developments in the design and fabrication of spiropyran-integrated nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, micelles, polymers, and photosensitizers. The focus is on the function of these nanocarriers in the delivery of targeted, on-demand, and controlled drugs.

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螺吡喃驱动的光反应给药系统和技术的新兴前沿

光响应基团由于其对光的响应具有很高的空间和时间精度，已被归类为开发药物输送系统的有力工具。在各种刺激中，可见光是有用和有效的，因为它容易获得，不伤人，并且可以更好地控制空间和时间。各种光敏给药系统被用于控制给药的地点和时间，以提高药物的效果并保证人们的安全。有些光致变色探针只能使用一次（因为光引起不可逆的结构变化，导致全部剂量释放），而另一些则可以使用不止一次，因为它们可以在明暗之间来回切换。以螺吡喃为基础的光反应性药物递送系统，由于其在光照射下在闭环（螺吡喃）和开环（merocyanine）形式之间进行可逆异构化的独特能力而引起了人们的极大兴趣，尤其受到关注。这种可逆的转变允许药物控制释放，以响应特定波长的光。本文综述了螺吡喃集成纳米载体的设计和制造的最新进展，如纳米颗粒、水凝胶、胶束、聚合物和光敏剂。重点是这些纳米载体在递送靶向、按需和受控药物中的功能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Dyes and Pigments 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

13.30%

发文量

933

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied. Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media. The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.