Hydroethanolic extract of Spondias mombin L. leaves attenuates alveolar bone loss and inflammation in a model of periodontitis induced in male Wistar rats

Abstract

Objective

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive effects of hydroethanolic extract of Spondias mombin L. in an experimental model of periodontitis.

Design

Sixty-three male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: 1) Control, 2) Periodontitis, 3) Periodontitis + Spondias mombin L. 50 mg/kg, 4) Periodontitis + Spondias mombin L. 100 mg/kg, 5) Periodontitis + Spondias mombin L. 200 mg/kg. Periodontitis was induced through the placement of a ligature in the cervical region of the left maxillary second molar. The rats received the extract by oral gavage for 10 days and euthanasia was performed on the 11th day of the experiment. Blood samples were used for biochemical analysis, hemi-maxillae for micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation, and gingival tissue for cytokine and RT-qPCR analyses.

Results

Administration of the extract reduced linear alveolar bone loss at a dose of 100 mg/kg (p = 0.0160) and improved bone volumetric parameters, such as integrity (BV/TV%) and trabecular porosity, at doses of 100 mg/kg (p = 0.0180) and 200 mg/kg (p = 0.0117). Trabecular separation was also improved at a dose of 200 mg/kg (p = 0.0405). Rats treated with 200 mg/kg showed better histological parameters (p = 0.0274). There was a reduction in the dosage of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β at doses of 50 mg/kg (p = 0.0496) and 100 mg/kg (p = 0.0374).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest an anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive effect of the hydroethanolic extract of Spondias mombin L. administered to rats with periodontitis, without altering blood biochemical markers.