Assessment of the thermal performance of a dry-shipper used in deep frozen cold chain

IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
R.M.A. Spijkers , A. Damas , Z. Zhang , S. Vanapalli
{"title":"Assessment of the thermal performance of a dry-shipper used in deep frozen cold chain","authors":"R.M.A. Spijkers ,&nbsp;A. Damas ,&nbsp;Z. Zhang ,&nbsp;S. Vanapalli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A dry shipper is a vacuum insulated transport container with a liquid nitrogen filled porous lining inside to transport frozen biomedical samples. The current understanding of the thermal characteristics of vacuum insulated vessels is based on standard cryostats, where the liquid collects in a pool at the bottom accompanied by a stratified vapor above it, wherein the temperature increases with height. However, the behavior of a dry-shipper diverges significantly from these standard cryostats, since the liquid is contained within a porous lining rather than at the vessel’s base, stratification is absent. The current thermal models for standard cryostats cannot be applied to a dry-shipper due to the difference in temperature profile, therefore the thermal characteristics of a dry-shipper are investigated. We present experimental data of an instrumented dry-shipper subjected to various simulated conditions, namely the ambient temperature is varied from 295 K to 333 K and the positioning is varied from upright to an angle of 45°and 90°. We observed that the mass of the dry-shipper reduced linearly with time, which corresponds to a constant evaporation rate of the liquid nitrogen in the container. A simplified model is developed to predict the liquid nitrogen evaporation rate in the dry-shipper as a function of ambient conditions, giving indirect measurement of the liquid nitrogen in the container. This will aid shipping firms to plan the transport as well as develop smart versions of the dry-shipper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"175 ","pages":"Pages 156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700725001069","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

A dry shipper is a vacuum insulated transport container with a liquid nitrogen filled porous lining inside to transport frozen biomedical samples. The current understanding of the thermal characteristics of vacuum insulated vessels is based on standard cryostats, where the liquid collects in a pool at the bottom accompanied by a stratified vapor above it, wherein the temperature increases with height. However, the behavior of a dry-shipper diverges significantly from these standard cryostats, since the liquid is contained within a porous lining rather than at the vessel’s base, stratification is absent. The current thermal models for standard cryostats cannot be applied to a dry-shipper due to the difference in temperature profile, therefore the thermal characteristics of a dry-shipper are investigated. We present experimental data of an instrumented dry-shipper subjected to various simulated conditions, namely the ambient temperature is varied from 295 K to 333 K and the positioning is varied from upright to an angle of 45°and 90°. We observed that the mass of the dry-shipper reduced linearly with time, which corresponds to a constant evaporation rate of the liquid nitrogen in the container. A simplified model is developed to predict the liquid nitrogen evaporation rate in the dry-shipper as a function of ambient conditions, giving indirect measurement of the liquid nitrogen in the container. This will aid shipping firms to plan the transport as well as develop smart versions of the dry-shipper.
用于深冻冷链的干式托运人的热性能评价
干式托运人是一种真空绝缘运输容器,内部填充液氮多孔衬里,用于运输冷冻生物医学样品。目前对真空隔热容器热特性的理解是基于标准的低温恒温器,其中液体聚集在底部的池中,并在其上方分层蒸汽,其中温度随高度升高。然而,干式托运人的行为与这些标准低温恒温器有很大的不同,因为液体被包含在多孔衬里而不是在容器的底部,所以没有分层。由于温度分布的差异,目前标准低温恒温器的热模型不能应用于干式托运人,因此研究了干式托运人的热特性。本文提出了一种仪器干式托运人在各种模拟条件下的实验数据,即环境温度从295 K变化到333 K,定位从直立到45°和90°的角度变化。我们观察到干托运人的质量随时间线性减少,这对应于容器中液氮的恒定蒸发速率。建立了一个简化模型,以预测干式集装箱内液氮蒸发速率作为环境条件的函数,间接测量了集装箱内液氮的蒸发速率。这将有助于航运公司规划运输以及开发智能版本的干式托运人。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
12.80%
发文量
363
审稿时长
3.7 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Refrigeration is published for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) by Elsevier. It is essential reading for all those wishing to keep abreast of research and industrial news in refrigeration, air conditioning and associated fields. This is particularly important in these times of rapid introduction of alternative refrigerants and the emergence of new technology. The journal has published special issues on alternative refrigerants and novel topics in the field of boiling, condensation, heat pumps, food refrigeration, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, sorptive cooling, phase change materials and slurries, ejector technology, compressors, and solar cooling. As well as original research papers the International Journal of Refrigeration also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of discussion and controversy. Other features include forthcoming events, conference reports and book reviews. Papers are published in either English or French with the IIR news section in both languages.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信