Estimating exposure to pollutants generated from indoor and outdoor sources within vulnerable populations using personal air quality monitors: A London case study

IF 10.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109431

Hanbin Zhang , Dimitris Evangelopoulos , Dylan Wood , Lia Chatzidiakou , Diana Varaden , Jennifer Quint , Audrey de Nazelle , Heather Walton , Klea Katsouyanni , Benjamin Barratt

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Abstract

Personal exposure to air pollution can originate from indoor or outdoor sources, depending on location and activity. This study aimed to quantify personal exposure from each source separately, allowing comparison of the associated epidemiological estimates from each source type. We utilised 12,901 participant-day personal measurements of exposure to multiple pollutants collected from 344 London dwelling participants of four panel studies conducted between 2015 and 2019. A four-step process was applied to personal measurements incorporating 1) GPS spatial analysis including address identification and location tagging; 2) estimating outdoor home pollutant levels from matched fixed ambient monitors; 3) calculation of infiltration efficiency when participants were at home; and 4) indoor and outdoor source separation for personal exposure measurements. From the results, our participants with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) dataset had an average (SD) personal exposure from outdoor sources of 4.0 (1.3) μg/m³ for NO₂ and 5.1 (3.0) μg/m³ for PM_2.5, the school children’s average (SD) personal exposure to PM_2.5 from outdoor sources was 5.5 (4.3) μg/m³, the professional drivers’ average (SD) personal exposure to black carbon from outdoor sources was 1.7 (1.0) μg/m³, and the healthy young adults’ average (SD) personal exposure to black carbon from outdoor sources was 1.2 (0.5) μg/m³. Compared to the average total personal exposures, outdoor sources accounted for 49 % of NO₂ exposure, 41 % to 55 % of PM_2.5, and 60 % to 85 % of black carbon, dependent on the panel study – demonstrating a strong influence from outdoor sources for personal exposures to air pollution in London. Our findings highlighted that endeavours should continue to be made towards reducing pollution from both outdoor and indoor sources. The between-panel and within-panel exposure differences, derived from our novel partitioning methodology, can contribute to the estimation of health effects from indoor and outdoor sources and inform targeted interventions for vulnerable groups.

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使用个人空气质量监测器估算弱势人群室内外污染物暴露：伦敦案例研究

根据地点和活动的不同，个人接触空气污染可来自室内或室外。本研究旨在分别量化来自每种来源的个人暴露，从而对每种来源类型的相关流行病学估计进行比较。我们利用了从2015年至2019年进行的四项小组研究的344名伦敦住宅参与者中收集的12901个参与者日个人暴露于多种污染物的测量值。个人测量采用四步流程：1)GPS空间分析包括地址识别和位置标记；2)通过匹配的固定环境监测仪估算室外家庭污染物水平；3)参与者在家时渗透效率的计算；4)室内外源分离，进行个人暴露测量。从结果来看，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）数据集参与者的室外NO2平均（SD）个人暴露量为4.0 (1.3)μg/m3, PM2.5平均（SD）个人暴露量为5.1 (3.0)μg/m3，学龄儿童室外PM2.5平均（SD）个人暴露量为5.5 (4.3)μg/m3，专业司机室外黑碳平均（SD）个人暴露量为1.7 (1.0)μg/m3。健康青年室外黑碳平均暴露量（SD）为1.2 (0.5)μg/m3。根据小组研究，与个人平均总暴露量相比，室外源占二氧化氮暴露量的49%，PM2.5暴露量的41%至55%，黑碳暴露量的60%至85%，这表明室外源对伦敦空气污染的个人暴露有很大影响。我们的研究结果强调，应继续努力减少室外和室内污染源的污染。从我们的新划分方法中得出的面板间和面板内暴露差异有助于估计室内和室外源对健康的影响，并为弱势群体提供有针对性的干预措施。

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来源期刊

Environment International 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

21.90

自引率

3.40%

发文量

734

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Health publishes manuscripts focusing on critical aspects of environmental and occupational medicine, including studies in toxicology and epidemiology, to illuminate the human health implications of exposure to environmental hazards. The journal adopts an open-access model and practices open peer review. It caters to scientists and practitioners across all environmental science domains, directly or indirectly impacting human health and well-being. With a commitment to enhancing the prevention of environmentally-related health risks, Environmental Health serves as a public health journal for the community and scientists engaged in matters of public health significance concerning the environment.