Development of functional muffins enriched with lemon by-products as sources of Bioactive compounds

Ana Rita Soares Mateus , Angelina Pena , Ana Sanches Silva
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Abstract

Food waste is a growing global concern, and upcycling by-products from the food industry offers a sustainable solution. This study explores the incorporation of lemon by-products—fresh pomace, flour, and extract—into muffin formulations to enhance their nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory properties while reducing waste. While previous studies have separately explored the use of these lemon by-products, this work uniquely compares all three in a single context. Muffins enriched with lemon by-product flour showed lower lipid (9.97 %) and higher protein content (1.35 %), while those with fresh pomace had the highest fiber levels (6.55 %). Baking significantly increased antioxidant activity and total phenolic content due to the release of bound phenolics and the formation of Maillard reaction products. Sensory analysis revealed that muffins with fresh pomace and extract had the most appealing aroma, whereas those with flour scored lower due to the astringency of citrus peel components. Nonetheless, all formulations achieved high consumer acceptance, with muffins containing fresh pomace offering the best balance between nutritional and sensory qualities. This work highlights the influence of thermal processing on phenolic stability, showing reductions in flavonoids like rutin and naringenin during baking. The findings demonstrate that lemon by-products can be successfully incorporated into baked goods to create functional foods, supporting waste reduction and promoting a circular economy.
开发富含生物活性化合物来源柠檬副产品的功能性松饼
食物浪费是一个日益引起全球关注的问题,对食品工业的副产品进行升级回收是一个可持续的解决方案。本研究探讨了将柠檬副产品——新鲜果渣、面粉和提取物——加入松饼配方中,以提高其营养、抗氧化和感官性能,同时减少浪费。虽然以前的研究分别探索了这些柠檬副产品的使用,但这项工作在单一背景下独特地比较了这三种产品。添加柠檬副产品面粉的松饼脂肪含量较低(9.97%),蛋白质含量较高(1.35%),而添加新鲜果渣的松饼纤维含量最高(6.55%)。烘烤显著提高了抗氧化活性和总酚含量,这是由于结合酚类物质的释放和美拉德反应产物的形成。感官分析显示,添加新鲜果渣和提取物的松饼具有最吸引人的香气,而添加面粉的松饼由于柑橘皮成分的涩味而得分较低。尽管如此,所有配方都获得了消费者的高度认可,含有新鲜果渣的松饼提供了营养和感官品质之间的最佳平衡。这项工作强调了热加工对酚稳定性的影响,显示了烘烤过程中芦丁和柚皮素等类黄酮的减少。研究结果表明,柠檬副产品可以成功地加入烘焙食品中,以制造功能性食品,从而支持减少浪费和促进循环经济。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Food chemistry advances
Food chemistry advances Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Chemistry (General), Molecular Biology
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
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0
审稿时长
99 days
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