Innovative Nanozyme-Based Detection Methods for Biomarkers in Interstitial Fluid

Abstract

The detection of biomarkers can timely detect abnormalities and provide appropriate treatment for patients, which effectively improves the prognosis of the disease. Interstitial fluid (ISF) contains a variety of biomarkers similar to other body fluids. The detection of biomarkers in ISF can not only reflect the physiological and pathological changes in the body immediately but also reduce the physical harm to patients. Nanomaterials are low-cost, more stable, easy-preparation, and less susceptible to environmental factors, which have similar catalytic activities and electrochemical properties. Through the combination of nanomaterials with ISF analysis, it can successfully achieve minimally-invasive detection of biomarkers, which not only improves the accuracy and sensitivity of detection but also significantly reduces patient suffering. The non-enzymatic detection methods for biomarkers in ISF play a crucial role in the early diagnosis of diseases, especially diabetes, renal disease, and cardiovascular disease, which will hold implications for the development of future clinical diagnosis.