Perceptions and experiences with police among people who use drugs in the initial year of British Columbia's decriminalization of illegal drugs policy

Abstract

Research Summary

On January 31, 2023, British Columbia (BC) launched a 3-year pilot initiative decriminalizing the possession of up to 2.5 g of select illegal drugs. The policy aims to reduce stigma, address racial disparities in drug law enforcement, and improve police relations with people who use drugs (PWUD). As part of a national evaluation, we conducted qualitative interviews with 100 PWUD who reported using drugs at least three times a week across BC between October 2023 and February 2024. Participants, diverse in sociodemographics, drug use patterns, and police interaction histories, largely reported an adversarial relationship with police, marked by historical mistreatment and the targeting of individuals based on aspects of their social identity, such as ethnicity, housing status, and other visible markers. Despite police generally adhering to the policy, some participants reported unlawful drug seizures, reinforcing mistrust. Although some noted reduced fear of police, most felt their negative perceptions persisted post-decriminalization, highlighting a need for further police education and training to address stigma and inconsistent enforcement.

Policy Implications

Our findings underscore the need for improved police education and training through better standardization, with an emphasis on promoting consistency and increased transparency, particularly in the use of discretion. Training should also address the impact of systemic racism and discriminatory policing practices to foster equitable interactions with PWUD. Further consideration of alternative nonpunitive legal approaches, alongside expanded harm reduction services, treatment options, social supports (such as housing), and community-based initiatives, could be highly beneficial. Continued monitoring and evaluation of the policy's impact on PWUD is essential.