Urolithin as a Metabolite of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid from Fruits and Nuts Produced by the Gut Microbiota: Its Role on Non-Communicable Diseases.
Marcia Ribeiro, Livia Alvarenga, Ludmila F M F Cardozo, Beatriz G Baptista, Danielle Nascimento, Marta Esgalhado, Denise Mafra
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Abstract
Purpose of review: This narrative review investigates how urolithins produced by the gut microbiota can regulate transcription factors (such as NRF2, NF-kB, and PPAR-γ) associated with senescence, inflammation, and imbalanced redox status. It also discusses the potential benefits of urolithins for patients with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.
Recent findings: Studies have shown that urolithins have many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. They are also linked to improved mitochondrial function and imbalanced redox associated with activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Urolithins are metabolites produced by gut microbiota from ellagic acid and ellagitannins, polyphenols primarily found in nuts and fruits, including pomegranates and berries like raspberries, cloudberries, and blackberries.
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This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
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