Sero-prevalence of cryptococcal antigen and its immune-virological correlates in HIV-1 positive individuals: a prospective cross-sectional study.

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

AIDS Research and Therapy Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI:10.1186/s12981-025-00738-4

Bukhari Isah Shuaib, Amina Momodu, Fareedah Momodu, Bumojo Hope Agada

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Cryptococcal infection remains a leading cause of mortality among HIV-1-positive individuals, particularly in regions with limited access to antiretroviral therapy and diagnostics. This study aimed to assess Cryptococcal Antigen (CrAg) seroprevalence and its immune-virological correlates among ART-naïve and ART-experienced HIV-1 positive individuals.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to August 2024 at Edo State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Blood samples were analyzed for CD4 + T-cell counts using a Partec™ CyFlow analyzer, HIV-1 viral load using the COBAS^® AmpliPrep/COBAS^® TaqMan^® Test, and CrAg detection with the Immy Latex-Crypto Antigen Lateral Flow Assay.

Results: Among 229 HIV-1 positive individuals, 72.5% were aged 15-20 years, and 69% were female. Most (68.6%) were ART-experienced, while 31.4% were ART-naïve. Severe immunosuppression (CD4 + < 200 cells/mm³) was present in 64.6%, and 71.2% had viral loads > 1,000 copies/mL. Cryptococcal infection (CI) prevalence was 10.04%. No significant link was found between CI and age or gender, but ART-naïve status, low CD4 + counts, and high viral loads were significantly associated with CI. ART-naïve individuals had higher viral loads (median 4.95 vs. 4.19 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.00). A stronger inverse correlation between CD4 + counts and viral load was observed in ART-experienced patients (r = -0.535).

Conclusions: These findings emphasize the necessity for routine Cryptococcal screening, particularly in ART-naïve and severely immunocompromised individuals, to facilitate timely interventions and improve clinical outcomes.

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来源期刊

AIDS Research and Therapy INFECTIOUS DISEASES-

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： AIDS Research and Therapy publishes articles on basic science, translational, clinical, social, epidemiological, behavioral and educational sciences articles focused on the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS, and the search for the cure. The Journal publishes articles on novel and developing treatment strategies for AIDS as well as on the outcomes of established treatment strategies. Original research articles on animal models that form an essential part of the AIDS treatment research are also considered