Primordial Origin of Methane on Eris and Makemake Supported by D/H Ratios

Olivier Mousis, Aaron Werlen, Tom Benest Couzinou and Antoine Schneeberger
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Abstract

Deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen, is a key tracer of the formation of the solar system. Recent James Webb Space Telescope observations have expanded the data set of deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratios in methane on the KBOs Eris and Makemake, providing new insights into their origins. This study examines the elevated D/H ratios in methane on these KBOs in the context of protosolar nebula (PSN) dynamics and chemistry, proposing a primordial origin for the methane, in contrast to previous hypotheses suggesting abiotic production by internal heating. A time-dependent disk model coupled with a deuterium chemistry module was used to simulate the isotopic exchange between methane and hydrogen. Observational constraints, including the D/H ratio measured in methane in comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, were used to refine the primordial D/H abundance. The simulations show that the observed D/H ratios in methane on Eris and Makemake are consistent with a primordial origin. The results suggest that the methane on these Kuiper Belt Objects likely originated from the PSN, similar to cometary methane, and was sequestered in solid form—either as pure condensates or clathrates—within its building blocks prior to accretion. These results provide a simple explanation for the high D/H ratios in methane on Eris and Makemake, without the need to invoke internal production mechanisms.
阋神星和马凯马克星上甲烷的原始起源得到 D/H 比率的支持
氘是氢的一种重同位素,是太阳系形成的关键示踪剂。最近,詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的观测扩大了柯伊伯带天体阋神星和鸟神星甲烷中氘氢比的数据集,为它们的起源提供了新的见解。本研究在原太阳星云(PSN)动力学和化学背景下研究了这些柯伊伯带上甲烷的高D/H比,提出了甲烷的原始起源,与之前的假设相反,认为甲烷是通过内部加热产生的非生物。采用时变圆盘模型和氘化学模型模拟了甲烷和氢之间的同位素交换。观测约束,包括67P/ Churyumov-Gerasimenko彗星甲烷测量的D/H比值,被用于改进原始D/H丰度。模拟结果表明,观测到的阋神星和造神星上甲烷的D/H比值与原始起源相一致。结果表明,这些柯伊伯带天体上的甲烷很可能起源于PSN,类似于彗星上的甲烷,并且在吸积之前以固体形式被隔离在其结构块内——要么是纯凝聚物,要么是笼形物。这些结果为阋神星和造神星上甲烷的高D/H比提供了一个简单的解释,而无需调用内部生产机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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