Role of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prediction in Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview.

Abstract

An autoimmune disorder known as type 1 diabetes (T1D) causes the pancreas to stop pro-ducing insulin. An autoimmune response against beta cells causes this metabolic condition, which is more typically observed in children and young adults and causes a shortage of insulin and hypergly-cemia.T1D development is influenced by a variety of variables, including physiological events, ge-netic, epigenetic, immunologic, and lifestyle variables. Biomarkers like glucose, glycated substances, C-peptides, autoantibodies, and genetic biomarkers can be used to diagnose and predict T1D. Due to the disease's growing incidence worldwide, it is essential to have biomarkers that can diagnose and predict the onset or progression of T1D. In previous years, significant work has been undertaken to find new markers and comprehend the etiology of T1D. In order to analyze proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, high-throughput and sensitive omics technology has been developed. This has made it possible to profile protein expression and gene modifications in T1D patients on a wide scale. These methods might aid in lowering the morbidity and mortality linked to T1D and its complications.