Clinical profile, management, and outcome of pediatric neurotrauma: a multicentric observational study.

Journal of Trauma and Injury Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI:10.20408/jti.2024.0080
Sanat Kumar Khanna, Anil Kumar, Anand Kumar Katiyar, Kundan Mishra
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Abstract

Purpose: Pediatric neurotrauma (pNT) includes pediatric traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. The incidence and distribution of pNT by age and sex remain understudied, with several gaps in both epidemiological and clinical data. This study aimed to estimate the epidemiological parameters, clinical presentations, surgical interventions, and outcomes in our patient population with pNT.

Methods: A multicentric, ambispective study was conducted at five tertiary care pediatric neurosurgical centers in Northern India from January 2011 to December 2022. The study included children under 16 years of age admitted with a history of head injury. Data on demographics, radiological findings, management, and outcomes were recorded.

Results: A total of 2,250 children were admitted; 77.5% were male and 22.5% were female. The most common age group was 6 months to 2 years (37.3%). The primary mechanism of injury was fall from height (64.6%), followed by road traffic accidents (26.1%). Overall, 84.6% of children had mild head injury, 14.2% moderate, and 1.2% severe. The most common abnormality on computed tomography brain was contusion (9.2%). Surgical interventions were required in only 0.8% of children. A favorable outcome, as measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale, was achieved in 99.2% of patients, and the mortality rate was 0.1%.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that pNT is most common in children aged 6 months to 2 years and predominantly affects boys. The most frequent cause was a fall from height, and the majority of patients sustained mild head injuries requiring only observation, which led to excellent outcomes. Surgical intervention was necessary in only a few cases, and mortality was rare. This study highlights the epidemiological pattern of pNT in our population and delineates various causes of such trauma.

儿科神经创伤的临床概况、管理和结果:一项多中心观察性研究。
目的:小儿神经创伤(pNT)包括小儿创伤性脑损伤和脊髓损伤。关于小儿神经创伤的发病率以及不同年龄和性别的分布情况的研究仍然不足,在流行病学和临床数据方面存在一些空白。本研究旨在估算我们的 pNT 患者群体的流行病学参数、临床表现、手术干预和预后:方法:2011 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月,在印度北部的五个三级儿科神经外科中心开展了一项多中心、前瞻性研究。研究对象包括有头部损伤病史的 16 岁以下儿童。研究记录了有关人口统计学、放射学检查结果、管理和预后的数据:共有2250名儿童入院,其中77.5%为男性,22.5%为女性。最常见的年龄组为 6 个月至 2 岁(37.3%)。受伤的主要原因是高处坠落(64.6%),其次是道路交通事故(26.1%)。总体而言,84.6%的儿童头部受伤程度为轻度,14.2%为中度,1.2%为重度。脑部计算机断层扫描最常见的异常是挫伤(9.2%)。只有0.8%的儿童需要手术治疗。根据格拉斯哥结果量表(Glasgow Outcome Scale),99.2%的患者获得了良好的治疗效果,死亡率为0.1%:我们的研究结果表明,PNT最常见于6个月至2岁的儿童,主要影响男孩。最常见的原因是高处坠落,大多数患者头部受伤较轻,仅需观察,因此疗效极佳。只有少数病例需要进行手术治疗,死亡率极低。本研究强调了我国人口中的 pNT 流行病学模式,并对造成此类创伤的各种原因进行了划分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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