Suspected primary photosensitisation in cattle grazing red clover (Trifolium pratense).

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES
New Zealand veterinary journal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI:10.1080/00480169.2025.2479199
A Tettamanti, J M Livio, J F Micheloud, G Millan Rustichelli, R Livio, J I Poo, A Lauro, V Scioli, G J Cantón, J A García
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Case history: In April and June of 2024, two outbreaks of photosensitisation occurred in a herd of 354 beef cows and calves in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Both outbreaks occurred in the same paddock, where red clover (Trifolium pratense) was the dominant pasture species, combined with tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus, previously Festuca arundinacea), white clover (T. repens), bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne).

Clinical findings: Signs of head tilt, restlessness, tail swishing, and searching behaviour for shade and water were first observed 15-19 days after grazing, with skin necrosis and eyelid inflammation visible on closer examination. A cumulative incidence of 5.6% and 10.7% was recorded in each outbreak with all animals recovering 5-10 days after removal to a paddock composed of wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) and Festuca spp.

Laboratory and pathological: Following the second outbreak, nine serum samples and seven ear skin biopsies were collected from affected animals for assessment of hepatic enzyme activities and histopathology, along with a pasture sample to assess the spore count for Pithomyces chartarum. Serum activity levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were normal in nine and four affected cows, with slightly elevated GGT activities in the remaining five cows. Activities of all other liver enzymes were within normal limits and there was no sign of icterus. Histological examination of the ear skin biopsies revealed necrotising dermatitis and epidermal hyperplasia compatible with photosensitisation. The spore count for P. chartarum was low (11,250 spores/g fresh pasture).

Diagnosis: The epidemiological data, clinical presentation and clinical-pathology findings suggest that these cows were affected by primary photosensitisation most probably due to the ingestion of T. pratense.

Clinical relevance: Identifying a plant species as a cause of primary photosensitisation is difficult, and the aetiological agent often remains unidentified. The association between consumption of a sward containing T. pratense and the photosensitisation reported in this study suggests that this plant species may be acting as a primary cause of photosensitisation in cattle. This study highlights the need for further research to identify toxic elements in T. pratense and their effects on livestock.

牛放牧红三叶草(Trifolium pratense)时疑似原发性光敏。
病例史:2024年4月和6月,阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省354头肉牛和小牛中发生了两次光敏性暴发。这两次暴发均发生在同一围场,其中红三叶草(Trifolium pratense)为优势牧草种,还有高羊茅(Schedonorus arundinaceus,以前称为Festuca arundinacea)、白三叶草(T. repens)、鸟脚三叶草(Lotus corniculatus)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)。临床表现:放牧后15-19天首次观察到头部倾斜、烦躁不安、摇尾、寻找阴凉和水的行为,仔细检查可见皮肤坏死和眼睑炎症。每次暴发的累积发病率分别为5.6%和10.7%,所有动物在转移到由小麦草(Triticum aestivum)和羊茅属(Festuca)组成的围场后5-10天恢复。实验室和病理:在第二次暴发后,从受感染动物身上收集了9份血清样本和7份耳皮肤活检,以评估肝酶活性和组织病理学,并收集了牧场样本以评估沙氏皮霉菌的孢子计数。9头奶牛血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)和γ -谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)活性正常,其余5头奶牛血清GGT活性轻度升高。其他肝酶活性均在正常范围内,无黄疸迹象。耳部皮肤活检的组织学检查显示坏死性皮炎和表皮增生与光敏相容。chartarum的孢子数较低(11,250孢子/g新鲜牧草)。诊断:流行病学资料、临床表现和临床病理结果表明,这些奶牛受到原发性光敏化的影响,最有可能是由于摄入了普氏螺旋体。临床相关性:确定一种植物物种作为原发性光敏的原因是困难的,而且病原通常仍未确定。本研究中报道的食用含有赤藓的草与光敏性之间的关系表明,该植物物种可能是牛光敏性的主要原因。这项研究强调需要进一步研究以确定T. pratense中的有毒元素及其对牲畜的影响。
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来源期刊
New Zealand veterinary journal
New Zealand veterinary journal 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: The New Zealand Veterinary Journal (NZVJ) is an international journal publishing high quality peer-reviewed articles covering all aspects of veterinary science, including clinical practice, animal welfare and animal health. The NZVJ publishes original research findings, clinical communications (including novel case reports and case series), rapid communications, correspondence and review articles, originating from New Zealand and internationally. Topics should be relevant to, but not limited to, New Zealand veterinary and animal science communities, and include the disciplines of infectious disease, medicine, surgery and the health, management and welfare of production and companion animals, horses and New Zealand wildlife. All submissions are expected to meet the highest ethical and welfare standards, as detailed in the Journal’s instructions for authors.
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