Stefanie Lip, Tran Q B Tran, Rebecca Hanna, Sarah Nichol, Tomasz J Guzik, Christian Delles, John McClure, Linsay McCallum, Rhian M Touyz, Colin Berry, Sandosh Padmanabhan
{"title":"Long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on blood vessels and blood pressure - LOCHINVAR.","authors":"Stefanie Lip, Tran Q B Tran, Rebecca Hanna, Sarah Nichol, Tomasz J Guzik, Christian Delles, John McClure, Linsay McCallum, Rhian M Touyz, Colin Berry, Sandosh Padmanabhan","doi":"10.1097/HJH.0000000000004013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to endothelial dysfunction and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation, potentially worsening hypertension. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish COVID-19's lasting effects on blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function. Our objective was to determine whether COVID-19 increases future hypertension risk by comparing BP and endothelial function in nonhypertensive COVID-19 survivors with nonhypertensive controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-centre prospective longitudinal study included participants without hypertension history, with cases being hospital-admitted COVID-19 survivors and controls having negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), 6-min walk test (6MWT), and quality of life (QoL) assessments were conducted at baseline and 12 months. RAAS phenotyping was performed at baseline. Data analysis used paired t-tests and multivariable regression on full and per-protocol datasets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The full ( n = 97) and per-protocol ( n = 66) datasets included 37 and 15 cases respectively. Median ages (IQR: interquartile range) were 49.0 (43.0-53.5) and 50.0 (42-54.0) years. Baseline RAAS parameters were similar. Multivariable adjusted analyses in the per-protocol group showed SARS-CoV-2 positive participants had a 12-month increase in mean systolic BP (4.57 mmHg, [95% CI -0.04 to 9.18], P = 0.052), diastolic BP (4.46 mmHg [1.01 to 7.90], P = 0.012), decrease in FMD (-3.15% [-6.33 to 0.04], P = 0.053) and improvement in 6MWT (145.6 m [49.1 to 242.1], P = 0.004) compared to controls. QoL assessments indicated continued challenges for recovered COVID-19 individuals at 12 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Persistent vascular dysfunction and BP increase post-COVID-19 underscore the need for further studies on the long-term risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05087290.</p>","PeriodicalId":16043,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":"1057-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052060/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Hypertension","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000004013","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/4/10 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to endothelial dysfunction and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation, potentially worsening hypertension. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish COVID-19's lasting effects on blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function. Our objective was to determine whether COVID-19 increases future hypertension risk by comparing BP and endothelial function in nonhypertensive COVID-19 survivors with nonhypertensive controls.
Methods: This single-centre prospective longitudinal study included participants without hypertension history, with cases being hospital-admitted COVID-19 survivors and controls having negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), 6-min walk test (6MWT), and quality of life (QoL) assessments were conducted at baseline and 12 months. RAAS phenotyping was performed at baseline. Data analysis used paired t-tests and multivariable regression on full and per-protocol datasets.
Results: The full ( n = 97) and per-protocol ( n = 66) datasets included 37 and 15 cases respectively. Median ages (IQR: interquartile range) were 49.0 (43.0-53.5) and 50.0 (42-54.0) years. Baseline RAAS parameters were similar. Multivariable adjusted analyses in the per-protocol group showed SARS-CoV-2 positive participants had a 12-month increase in mean systolic BP (4.57 mmHg, [95% CI -0.04 to 9.18], P = 0.052), diastolic BP (4.46 mmHg [1.01 to 7.90], P = 0.012), decrease in FMD (-3.15% [-6.33 to 0.04], P = 0.053) and improvement in 6MWT (145.6 m [49.1 to 242.1], P = 0.004) compared to controls. QoL assessments indicated continued challenges for recovered COVID-19 individuals at 12 months.
Conclusions: Persistent vascular dysfunction and BP increase post-COVID-19 underscore the need for further studies on the long-term risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Hypertension publishes papers reporting original clinical and experimental research which are of a high standard and which contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of hypertension. The Journal publishes full papers, reviews or editorials (normally by invitation), and correspondence.
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