Yun Li, Meng Su, Yu Hou, Yajun Zheng, Zhiping Zhang
{"title":"Integrating Electrochemical Electrodes into Mass Spectrometry Ionization Sources for Detection of Transient Intermediates.","authors":"Yun Li, Meng Su, Yu Hou, Yajun Zheng, Zhiping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202404646","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying short-lived transient intermediates is challenging due to their brief lifetimes (as short as nanoseconds, and even picoseconds) and therefore low concentrations in many chemical processes. Conducting electrochemical reactions within mass spectrometry ion sources (i.e., insource or in situ EC-MS) offers the advantage of minimizing the distance between the electrodes and the mass spectrometer, thereby improving the detection of transient intermediates. However, a key challenge for in-source EC-MS is the effective integration of the electrodes into the MS ion sources. This mini-review highlights three main integration strategies: exploiting inherent electrochemical properties, incorporating a two- or three-electrode system, and implementing bipolar electrodes, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, experimental setups, and applications of these approaches. Future perspectives emphasize the directions of designing and modifying ionization sources, integrating electrocatalysis, enhancing transfer efficiency, developing automated screening platforms, as well as expanding practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202404646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemistry - A European Journal","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404646","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Identifying short-lived transient intermediates is challenging due to their brief lifetimes (as short as nanoseconds, and even picoseconds) and therefore low concentrations in many chemical processes. Conducting electrochemical reactions within mass spectrometry ion sources (i.e., insource or in situ EC-MS) offers the advantage of minimizing the distance between the electrodes and the mass spectrometer, thereby improving the detection of transient intermediates. However, a key challenge for in-source EC-MS is the effective integration of the electrodes into the MS ion sources. This mini-review highlights three main integration strategies: exploiting inherent electrochemical properties, incorporating a two- or three-electrode system, and implementing bipolar electrodes, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, experimental setups, and applications of these approaches. Future perspectives emphasize the directions of designing and modifying ionization sources, integrating electrocatalysis, enhancing transfer efficiency, developing automated screening platforms, as well as expanding practical applications.
期刊介绍:
Chemistry—A European Journal is a truly international journal with top quality contributions (2018 ISI Impact Factor: 5.16). It publishes a wide range of outstanding Reviews, Minireviews, Concepts, Full Papers, and Communications from all areas of chemistry and related fields.
Based in Europe Chemistry—A European Journal provides an excellent platform for increasing the visibility of European chemistry as well as for featuring the best research from authors from around the world.
All manuscripts are peer-reviewed, and electronic processing ensures accurate reproduction of text and data, plus short publication times.
The Concepts section provides nonspecialist readers with a useful conceptual guide to unfamiliar areas and experts with new angles on familiar problems.
Chemistry—A European Journal is published on behalf of ChemPubSoc Europe, a group of 16 national chemical societies from within Europe, and supported by the Asian Chemical Editorial Societies. The ChemPubSoc Europe family comprises: Angewandte Chemie, Chemistry—A European Journal, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ChemPhysChem, ChemBioChem, ChemMedChem, ChemCatChem, ChemSusChem, ChemPlusChem, ChemElectroChem, and ChemistryOpen.