Toward Diagnosis of Diseases Using Emerging Technologies: A Comprehensive Survey of the State of the Art in Metaverse

Abstract

Introduction: The Metaverse, a rapidly growing technology in healthcare, is proving to be a game-changer in early disease detection and diagnosis. This study aimed to identify the latest scientific achievements in Metaverse, such as its effects, associated technologies, and obstacles for diagnosing diseases.

Methods: In this review study, the scientific databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, were searched using related keywords. Related studies about using Metaverse in disease diagnosis were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction was done using the data extraction form. The findings were summarized and reported in tables and figures according to the study objectives.

Results: From 1706 retrieved articles, 28 studies were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in 2023 (13 out of 28). 13 groups of specialists used Metaverse to diagnose diseases; oncologists and neurologists used it more than others. The most important technological aspects of the Metaverse were six main categories, including computer vision, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, blockchain, digital twin, and cloud computing. The Metaverse’s main effects in diagnostic interventions were 22 subcategories in five categories, including improving diagnosis, facilitating interactions, improving education, a better future, and uncertainty. The Metaverse’s role in improving diagnosis was particularly significant. The challenges of the Metaverse in diagnosis were seven subcategories: challenges related to the conducted studies, financial limitations, technological issues, structural issues, legal and ethical issues, its acceptance, and challenges about the nature of the Metaverse.

Conclusion: Given the pivotal role of accurate diagnosis in patients treatment plans, the Metaverse’s potential in complex and challenging diagnoses is significant. However, it is important to note that this potential can only be fully realized through further research on utilizing the Metaverse in healthcare, specifically in disease diagnosis. This call for additional research is not just a suggestion but a necessity for the future of healthcare.