{"title":"Adsorption of Congo red and malachite green using chitosan derived from blue crab shells","authors":"Yeliz Ozudogru, Selin Gönülaçar, Esmanur Yüz","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03195-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work was to evaluate the adsorption capacities of the acidic dye Congo red (CR) and the basic dye malachite green (MG), which are hazardous to the environment and human health in aquatic environments, using chitosan derived from blue crab shells, which are considered waste materials. By first extracting chitin and then chitosan from blue crabs, the maximum adsorption capacities of these dyes in aquatic solutions were investigated. Parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of MG/CR, and temperature were analyzed. Characterization of the adsorbent was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy. The FTIR findings showed that hydrogen bonds and C=O and N–H bending contributed to the adsorption of MG/CR. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and kinetic models were applied. The highest maximum adsorption capacities were 68 mgg<sup>−1</sup> for CR at 25 °C and 140 mgg<sup>−1</sup> for MG at 45 °C. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that MG adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, whereas CR adsorption was exothermic. These results show that MG dye has a higher adsorption capacity (140 mgg<sup>−1</sup>) compared to CR (68 mgg<sup>−1</sup>) using chitosan derived from blue crab shells.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 4","pages":"889 - 902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13738-025-03195-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the adsorption capacities of the acidic dye Congo red (CR) and the basic dye malachite green (MG), which are hazardous to the environment and human health in aquatic environments, using chitosan derived from blue crab shells, which are considered waste materials. By first extracting chitin and then chitosan from blue crabs, the maximum adsorption capacities of these dyes in aquatic solutions were investigated. Parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of MG/CR, and temperature were analyzed. Characterization of the adsorbent was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy. The FTIR findings showed that hydrogen bonds and C=O and N–H bending contributed to the adsorption of MG/CR. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and kinetic models were applied. The highest maximum adsorption capacities were 68 mgg−1 for CR at 25 °C and 140 mgg−1 for MG at 45 °C. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that MG adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, whereas CR adsorption was exothermic. These results show that MG dye has a higher adsorption capacity (140 mgg−1) compared to CR (68 mgg−1) using chitosan derived from blue crab shells.
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JICS is an international journal covering general fields of chemistry. JICS welcomes high quality original papers in English dealing with experimental, theoretical and applied research related to all branches of chemistry. These include the fields of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry as well as the chemical biology area. Review articles discussing specific areas of chemistry of current chemical or biological importance are also published. JICS ensures visibility of your research results to a worldwide audience in science. You are kindly invited to submit your manuscript to the Editor-in-Chief or Regional Editor. All contributions in the form of original papers or short communications will be peer reviewed and published free of charge after acceptance.
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