Hydrochar-Enriched Myrtus communis Emulsion Gel: Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Bacterial Contaminants on Inoculated Carcass Skin

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07935-x

Elmas Can, Elif Erdogan Eliuz, Erdal Yabalak

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study used chicken nail hydrochar (CH) to make a matrix environment in Mrytus communis (M. communis) emulsion gel (MEg). The inhibition potential of MEg containing CH against Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) pathogens and the characterization were investigated. Characteristics and surface analysis of hydrochar-based M. communis emulsion gel (H-MEg) were analysed using FT-IR and SEM. M. communis essential oil (EO) was emulsified using tween 80, gelified using collagen and then immobilized into the hydrochar using a lyophilizer. In the antibacterial activity test, inhibition zones of MEg and H-MEg against A. baumannii were 7.26, and 9.1, respectively. E. faecalis was inhibited with 47.81 and 5.82 mm by MEg, and H-MEg, respectively. The highest reduction at the final of 30 min for A. baumannii inoculated carcass skin was 1.3 CFU/cm², 95.9% for H-MEg (p < 0.05). The zeta potential, conductivity and viscosity of H-MEg were -14.5 ± 0.4 mV, 0.0012, and 0.8872, respectively. As a result, the addition of CH to MEg-containing microdroplets enabled the composite to become fully stable. The hydrochar itself did not have antimicrobial effects, while the bioactive M. communis emulsion gel enhanced the functionality of chicken nail waste-based hydrochar. H-MEg obtained from chicken nail waste can be used for treatment purposes in infections where A. baumannii ve E. faecalis bacteria are active.

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.