Generation and topological charge detection of multiple-vortex circular swallowtail tornado beams

Abstract

Tornado waves are characterized by their unique ability to accelerate and twist light in radial and angular dimensions. These beams are generated by manipulating orbital angular momentum, but detecting their topological charge has been an uncharted territory. This paper presents a novel Tornado beam based on off-axis vortices-embedded circular swallowtail beams. We analyze the light propagation dynamics and employ cross-phase modulation to measure the topological charge of this circular swallowtail tornado beam with multiple vortices. Our method has been confirmed through computer simulations and experimental observations, proving its reliability. This technique offers a time-efficient and practical solution for measuring topological charges within tornado beams. This feature is highly beneficial for applications in light trapping and the advancement of optical communication systems.