Exploring anthrax risk and prevention: A One Health approach for assessment of human, animal, and environmental interactions

IJID One Health Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100060

Hari Ram Choudhary , Anukampa Senapati , Matrujyoti Pattnaik , Amiya Ranjan Mohanta , Debaprasad Parai , Sandhya Rani Jena , Biren Kumar Padhy , Partha Sarathi Patra , Arun Kumar Padhi , Swati Pattnaik , Santosh Kumar Panigrahi , Kishore Chandra Behera , Susmita Kumari Sahu , Y Selvamani , Alex Joseph , Tanveer Rehman , Sanghamitra Pati , Debdutta Bhattacharya

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Abstract

Objectives

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacterium that can infect both animals and humans. As a part of the One Health approach to eliminate human anthrax in an endemic district in Odisha, India. This baseline survey investigates knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding anthrax and identifies risky behavior prior to intervention implementation.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 3132 respondents (1560 from Koraput and 1572 from Sundargarh) by using a multistage random sampling method. Data were gathered through structured interviews focusing on socio-demographics, livestock ownership, and KAP related to anthrax prevention and management. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with anthrax knowledge.

Results

Significant knowledge gaps were identified, with only 12.14 % of respondents in Koraput and 7.96 % in Sundargarh aware of anthrax. Knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and prevention was low across both districts. Misconceptions regarding vaccination were prevalent, and risky practices, such as consuming potentially infected meat, were common. Regression analysis indicated that education and age are significant predictors of anthrax knowledge.

Conclusions

The study identifies critical knowledge gaps and risky practices related to anthrax in the Sundargarh and Koraput districts. Targeted educational campaigns and enhanced veterinary services are needed to mitigate anthrax risk and improve public health based on the One Health approach.

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探索炭疽风险和预防：评估人类、动物和环境相互作用的同一健康方法

目的炭疽是一种由炭疽芽孢杆菌引起的传染病，炭疽芽孢杆菌是一种能感染动物和人的孢子形成细菌。作为在印度奥里萨邦一个流行区消除人类炭疽的“同一个健康”方法的一部分。这项基线调查调查了有关炭疽的知识、态度和实践（KAP），并确定了实施干预之前的危险行为。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法，对3132名调查对象进行横断面调查，其中Koraput地区1560人，Sundargarh地区1572人。通过结构化访谈收集数据，重点关注与炭疽预防和管理相关的社会人口统计学、牲畜所有权和KAP。使用描述性统计和回归分析来确定与炭疽知识相关的因素。结果发现存在明显的知识差距，Koraput和Sundargarh分别只有12.14% %和7.96% %的受访者知道炭疽。这两个地区对症状、传播和预防的认识都很低。关于疫苗接种的误解普遍存在，而食用可能受感染的肉类等危险做法也很常见。回归分析显示，教育程度和年龄是炭疽知识的显著预测因子。该研究确定了Sundargarh和Koraput地区与炭疽有关的关键知识缺口和风险做法。需要开展有针对性的教育运动和加强兽医服务，以在“同一个健康”方针的基础上减轻炭疽风险并改善公共卫生。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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IJID One Health

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