Global peak operation of solar photovoltaic and wind energy systems: Current trends and innovations in enhanced optimization control techniques

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems (WESs) are essential for sustainable power generation, yet their performance is hindered by dynamic environmental conditions and inherent non-linearities. This review comprehensively examines advancements in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, which are crucial for optimizing the efficiency of these systems. The primary goals of this study are to offer a comprehensive evaluation of different MPPT approaches such as conventional, soft computing and hybrid techniques for PV and WESs and evaluating their effectiveness under various environments; to compare these methods depend on important performance metrices including efficiency, complexity, tracking speed, accuracy, sensor requirements and efficient operation, providing a detailed analysis for practical applications; to analyse technical and economic challenges related to MPPT deployment and provide the directions for future study to improve reliability and cost effectiveness of the system by highlighting the gaps in existing studies; and to emphasize the significance of hybrid approaches to achieve enhanced accuracy and faster tracking. By providing a detailed performance analysis and discussing the strengths and weaknesses of each method, this paper aims to guide the development of more efficient and cost-effective solutions, ultimately enhancing the sustainability and reliability of renewable energy technologies.