The nonlinear elastic deformation of liquid inclusions embedded in elastomers

IF 5 2区 工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Oluwadara Moronkeji , Fabio Sozio , Kamalendu Ghosh , Amira Meddeb , Amirhossein Farahani , Zoubeida Ounaies , Ioannis Chasiotis , Oscar Lopez-Pamies
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Elastomers filled with liquid inclusions — as opposed to conventional solid fillers — are a recent trend in the soft matter community because of their unique range of mechanical and physical properties. Such properties stem, in part, from the very large deformations that the underlying liquid inclusions are capable of undergoing. With the objective of advancing the understanding of the mechanics of this emerging class of materials, this paper presents a combined experimental/theoretical study of the nonlinear elastic deformation of initially spherical liquid inclusions embedded in elastomers that are subjected to quasistatic mechanical loads. The focus is on two fundamental problems, both within the limit regime when elasto-capillarity effects are negligible: (i) the problem of an isolated inclusion and (ii) that of a pair of closely interacting inclusions. Experimentally, specimens made of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer filled with either isolated or pairs of initially spherical liquid glycerol inclusions are subjected to uniaxial tension. For the specimens with pairs of inclusions, three orientations of the two inclusions with respect to the direction of the applied macroscopic tensile load are considered, 0°, 45°, and 90°. The liquid glycerol is stained with a fluorescent dye that permits to measure the local deformation of the inclusions in situ via confocal laser scanning fluorescent microscopy. Theoretically, a recently developed framework — wherein the elastomer is considered to be a nonlinear elastic solid, the liquid comprising the inclusions is considered to be a nonlinear elastic fluid, and the interfaces separating the elastomer from the liquid inclusions can feature their own nonlinear elastic behavior (e.g., surface tension) — is utilized to carry out full-field simulations of the experiments. Inter alia, the results show that the deformation of liquid inclusions is significantly non-uniform and strongly influenced by the presence of other liquid inclusions around them. Interestingly, they also show that the large compressive stretches that localize at the poles of the inclusions may result in the development of creases.
弹性体中包裹体的非线性弹性变形
与传统的固体填料相反,填充液体包裹体的弹性体由于其独特的机械和物理性能而成为软物质领域的最新趋势。这种性质部分源于底层液体包裹体能够承受的非常大的变形。为了促进对这类新兴材料力学的理解,本文提出了一项结合实验/理论的研究,研究了嵌入弹性体中的初始球形液体包裹体在准静态机械载荷作用下的非线性弹性变形。重点是两个基本问题,这两个问题都在弹性毛细效应可以忽略不计的极限范围内:(i)孤立包裹体的问题和(ii)一对密切相互作用的包裹体的问题。实验中,由聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性体制成的样品,填充孤立的或成对的初始球形液体甘油包体,经受单轴张力。对于含有对夹杂物的试样,考虑两个夹杂物相对于施加宏观拉伸载荷方向的三个方向,分别为0°、45°和90°。液体甘油用荧光染料染色,可以通过共聚焦激光扫描荧光显微镜原位测量包裹体的局部变形。从理论上讲,最近开发的一个框架-其中弹性体被认为是一种非线性弹性固体,包含包裹体的液体被认为是一种非线性弹性流体,并且将弹性体与液体包裹体分离的界面可以具有自己的非线性弹性行为(例如表面张力)-被用来进行实验的全场模拟。结果表明,液包裹体的变形具有明显的不均匀性,并且受到周围其他液包裹体存在的强烈影响。有趣的是,他们还表明,包裹体两极的大压缩拉伸可能导致折痕的发展。
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来源期刊
Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids
Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids 物理-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
9.40%
发文量
276
审稿时长
52 days
期刊介绍: The aim of Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids is to publish research of the highest quality and of lasting significance on the mechanics of solids. The scope is broad, from fundamental concepts in mechanics to the analysis of novel phenomena and applications. Solids are interpreted broadly to include both hard and soft materials as well as natural and synthetic structures. The approach can be theoretical, experimental or computational.This research activity sits within engineering science and the allied areas of applied mathematics, materials science, bio-mechanics, applied physics, and geophysics. The Journal was founded in 1952 by Rodney Hill, who was its Editor-in-Chief until 1968. The topics of interest to the Journal evolve with developments in the subject but its basic ethos remains the same: to publish research of the highest quality relating to the mechanics of solids. Thus, emphasis is placed on the development of fundamental concepts of mechanics and novel applications of these concepts based on theoretical, experimental or computational approaches, drawing upon the various branches of engineering science and the allied areas within applied mathematics, materials science, structural engineering, applied physics, and geophysics. The main purpose of the Journal is to foster scientific understanding of the processes of deformation and mechanical failure of all solid materials, both technological and natural, and the connections between these processes and their underlying physical mechanisms. In this sense, the content of the Journal should reflect the current state of the discipline in analysis, experimental observation, and numerical simulation. In the interest of achieving this goal, authors are encouraged to consider the significance of their contributions for the field of mechanics and the implications of their results, in addition to describing the details of their work.
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