The nonlinear elastic deformation of liquid inclusions embedded in elastomers

IF 5 2区 工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Oluwadara Moronkeji , Fabio Sozio , Kamalendu Ghosh , Amira Meddeb , Amirhossein Farahani , Zoubeida Ounaies , Ioannis Chasiotis , Oscar Lopez-Pamies
{"title":"The nonlinear elastic deformation of liquid inclusions embedded in elastomers","authors":"Oluwadara Moronkeji ,&nbsp;Fabio Sozio ,&nbsp;Kamalendu Ghosh ,&nbsp;Amira Meddeb ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Farahani ,&nbsp;Zoubeida Ounaies ,&nbsp;Ioannis Chasiotis ,&nbsp;Oscar Lopez-Pamies","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106126","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastomers filled with liquid inclusions — as opposed to conventional solid fillers — are a recent trend in the soft matter community because of their unique range of mechanical and physical properties. Such properties stem, in part, from the very large deformations that the underlying liquid inclusions are capable of undergoing. With the objective of advancing the understanding of the mechanics of this emerging class of materials, this paper presents a combined experimental/theoretical study of the nonlinear elastic deformation of initially spherical liquid inclusions embedded in elastomers that are subjected to quasistatic mechanical loads. The focus is on two fundamental problems, both within the limit regime when elasto-capillarity effects are negligible: (<span><math><mi>i</mi></math></span>) the problem of an isolated inclusion and (<span><math><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span>) that of a pair of closely interacting inclusions. Experimentally, specimens made of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer filled with either isolated or pairs of initially spherical liquid glycerol inclusions are subjected to uniaxial tension. For the specimens with pairs of inclusions, three orientations of the two inclusions with respect to the direction of the applied macroscopic tensile load are considered, 0°, 45°, and 90°. The liquid glycerol is stained with a fluorescent dye that permits to measure the local deformation of the inclusions <em>in situ</em> via confocal laser scanning fluorescent microscopy. Theoretically, a recently developed framework — wherein the elastomer is considered to be a nonlinear elastic solid, the liquid comprising the inclusions is considered to be a nonlinear elastic fluid, and the interfaces separating the elastomer from the liquid inclusions can feature their own nonlinear elastic behavior (e.g., surface tension) — is utilized to carry out full-field simulations of the experiments. <em>Inter alia</em>, the results show that the deformation of liquid inclusions is significantly non-uniform and strongly influenced by the presence of other liquid inclusions around them. Interestingly, they also show that the large compressive stretches that localize at the poles of the inclusions may result in the development of creases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022509625001024","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Elastomers filled with liquid inclusions — as opposed to conventional solid fillers — are a recent trend in the soft matter community because of their unique range of mechanical and physical properties. Such properties stem, in part, from the very large deformations that the underlying liquid inclusions are capable of undergoing. With the objective of advancing the understanding of the mechanics of this emerging class of materials, this paper presents a combined experimental/theoretical study of the nonlinear elastic deformation of initially spherical liquid inclusions embedded in elastomers that are subjected to quasistatic mechanical loads. The focus is on two fundamental problems, both within the limit regime when elasto-capillarity effects are negligible: (i) the problem of an isolated inclusion and (ii) that of a pair of closely interacting inclusions. Experimentally, specimens made of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer filled with either isolated or pairs of initially spherical liquid glycerol inclusions are subjected to uniaxial tension. For the specimens with pairs of inclusions, three orientations of the two inclusions with respect to the direction of the applied macroscopic tensile load are considered, 0°, 45°, and 90°. The liquid glycerol is stained with a fluorescent dye that permits to measure the local deformation of the inclusions in situ via confocal laser scanning fluorescent microscopy. Theoretically, a recently developed framework — wherein the elastomer is considered to be a nonlinear elastic solid, the liquid comprising the inclusions is considered to be a nonlinear elastic fluid, and the interfaces separating the elastomer from the liquid inclusions can feature their own nonlinear elastic behavior (e.g., surface tension) — is utilized to carry out full-field simulations of the experiments. Inter alia, the results show that the deformation of liquid inclusions is significantly non-uniform and strongly influenced by the presence of other liquid inclusions around them. Interestingly, they also show that the large compressive stretches that localize at the poles of the inclusions may result in the development of creases.
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids
Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids 物理-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
9.40%
发文量
276
审稿时长
52 days
期刊介绍: The aim of Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids is to publish research of the highest quality and of lasting significance on the mechanics of solids. The scope is broad, from fundamental concepts in mechanics to the analysis of novel phenomena and applications. Solids are interpreted broadly to include both hard and soft materials as well as natural and synthetic structures. The approach can be theoretical, experimental or computational.This research activity sits within engineering science and the allied areas of applied mathematics, materials science, bio-mechanics, applied physics, and geophysics. The Journal was founded in 1952 by Rodney Hill, who was its Editor-in-Chief until 1968. The topics of interest to the Journal evolve with developments in the subject but its basic ethos remains the same: to publish research of the highest quality relating to the mechanics of solids. Thus, emphasis is placed on the development of fundamental concepts of mechanics and novel applications of these concepts based on theoretical, experimental or computational approaches, drawing upon the various branches of engineering science and the allied areas within applied mathematics, materials science, structural engineering, applied physics, and geophysics. The main purpose of the Journal is to foster scientific understanding of the processes of deformation and mechanical failure of all solid materials, both technological and natural, and the connections between these processes and their underlying physical mechanisms. In this sense, the content of the Journal should reflect the current state of the discipline in analysis, experimental observation, and numerical simulation. In the interest of achieving this goal, authors are encouraged to consider the significance of their contributions for the field of mechanics and the implications of their results, in addition to describing the details of their work.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信