Mapping the potential: A GIS-based approach to assessing floating solar resources for rural electrification in Cambodia

Abstract

Developing countries face significant challenges in rural electrification, with many regions heavily reliant on traditional energy sources like biomass. Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems emerge as a promising solution for rural electrification without land use conflicts, particularly in countries with abundant water resources. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for assessing the potential of FPV systems in supporting rural electrification and energy transition in developing countries, using Cambodia as a case study. The methodology employs QGIS software and integrates local weather data to evaluate the technical potential of FPV systems over Cambodia's water bodies, considering coverage scenarios from 1 % to 10 %. It also visualizes the spatial distribution of FPV potential in relation to population distribution, highlighting the transformative potential of FPV in addressing rural electrification challenges. The findings reveal substantial FPV potential in Cambodia. At a conservative 1 % coverage of suitable water bodies, the country could generate up to 12.23 TWh annually, increasing its power capacity by 1.2 times. The northwest region shows exceptional promise, with FPV potential meeting five times its rural electricity needs. The study provides an applicable methodology to other developing countries assessing FPV potential, guiding policymakers in exploring provincial geological resources and planning energy transition strategies. Additionally, it also identifies several sociotechnical challenges, such as performance uncertainties and evaluation complexities, that require further research.