Health Risk Assessment of Source-Specific Elemental Carbon (Using Dual Carbon Isotopes) and Heavy Metals in the Tibetan Plateau

IF 12.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138094

Ju-Lian Shi, Chong-Shu Zhu, Yao Qu, Yue Zhou, Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Wang, Qian Li, Qi-Yuan Wang, Sui-Xin Liu, Jun-Ji Cao

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Abstract

We assessed the health risks associated with atmospheric heavy metals (HMs: Mn, Zn, Co, Cu, V, Ni, and metalloid As) and elemental carbon (EC) at three sampling sites across the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The highest annual concentrations of HMs (80.7 ng m⁻³) were observed in the northeastern TP (Qinghai Lake), while the highest annual concentration of EC (1.9 µg m⁻³) was found in the southwestern TP (Ngari). Mn and As were major contributors to the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). Peak HQ and ILCR values were observed during the winter seasons. The HI (Hazard Index) of HMs for children exceeded safety thresholds. Health risk assessments for EC indicated no significant non-carcinogenic risk (non-CR) but significant carcinogenic risk (CR) effects in the TP. Higher risks of HMs were found during the dust-rich period (DRP) compared to the normal period (NOP), while EC posed lower health risks during the DRP. Based on dual carbon isotope analyses, the source-specific contributions of EC to health risks were attributed to biomass burning (30.4%), coal combustion (28.7%), and liquid fossil fuel combustion (41.0%), respectively. These findings improved our understanding of the health effects associated with dust exposure and the source-specific health risks of EC in the remote areas.

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青藏高原特定源元素碳（双碳同位素）和重金属健康风险评价

我们在青藏高原（TP）的三个采样点评估了大气重金属（hm: Mn、Zn、Co、Cu、V、Ni和类金属As）和元素碳（EC）的健康风险。青藏高原东北部（青海湖）HMs的年浓度最高（80.7 ng m−3），而西南部（阿里）EC的年浓度最高（1.9 μ g m−3）。Mn和As是危害商数（HQ）和终生癌症风险增量（ILCR）的主要影响因素。HQ和ILCR值的峰值出现在冬季。儿童HMs的HI （Hazard Index）超过安全阈值。对EC的健康风险评估表明，TP没有显著的非致癌风险（non-carcinogenic risk, non-CR），但有显著的致癌风险（carcinogenic risk， CR）效应。在富尘期（DRP）与正常期（NOP）相比，HMs的风险较高，而在富尘期（DRP）， EC造成的健康风险较低。基于双碳同位素分析，EC对健康风险的贡献来源分别为生物质燃烧（30.4%）、煤炭燃烧（28.7%）和液体化石燃料燃烧（41.0%）。这些发现提高了我们对粉尘暴露对健康的影响以及偏远地区EC特定来源健康风险的理解。

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.