Optimizing energy levels in perovskite solar cells with dual hole and dual electron transport layers

Abstract

This study presents a high-efficiency solar cell featuring dual hole transport layers (HTL) and dual electron transport layers (ETL), with a structure of ITO/ZnO/CDS/CH3NH3PbI3/Se-Te: Cu2O/NiO/Al. The combination of ZnO/CDS as dual ETL and Se-Te: Cu2O/NiO as dual HTL optimizes carrier transport and collection efficiency. Simulations based on the Poisson equation and carrier continuity equations demonstrate that this design significantly reduces interfacial recombination losses and improves band alignment. As a result, the cell achieves a fill factor (FF) of 84.04 %, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 21.39 mA/cm², and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.14 %. The research highlights the critical role of the dual transport layer structure in enhancing carrier separation and transport efficiency, providing valuable theoretical and experimental insights for the design and optimization of future high-performance solar cells.