Analytical Methods for the Determination of Apixaban in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Matrices: A Systematic Review.

IF 4.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI:10.1080/10408347.2025.2483367

Wanbing Rao, Chenxia Zhang, Shuming Wu, Shaoyu Cai, Zhongqing Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Apixaban (APX) is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) developed by Bristol Myers Squibb and Pfizer for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), as well as for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the reduction of recurrent DVT and pulmonary embolism risk following initial therapy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of physicochemical properties of APX and the analytical methodologies for its quantification in bulk drug, pharmaceutical formulations, and in biological fluids. The analytical methods reported to date have been summarized, with an emphasis on major techniques such as spectrophotometry, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to ultraviolet (UV) detection or mass spectrometry (MS). Sample pretreatment methods for the analysis of biological matrices have also been systematically discussed. Additionally, the "whiteness" of the reported methods for the determination of APX in biological matrix are assessed according to the RGB 12 algorithm.

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来源期刊

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

12.00

自引率

4.00%

发文量

137

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry continues to be a dependable resource for both the expert and the student by providing in-depth, scholarly, insightful reviews of important topics within the discipline of analytical chemistry and related measurement sciences. The journal exclusively publishes review articles that illuminate the underlying science, that evaluate the field''s status by putting recent developments into proper perspective and context, and that speculate on possible future developments. A limited number of articles are of a "tutorial" format written by experts for scientists seeking introduction or clarification in a new area. This journal serves as a forum for linking various underlying components in broad and interdisciplinary means, while maintaining balance between applied and fundamental research. Topics we are interested in receiving reviews on are the following: · chemical analysis; · instrumentation; · chemometrics; · analytical biochemistry; · medicinal analysis; · forensics; · environmental sciences; · applied physics; · and material science.