Explanation of factors affecting food choice among Iranian young adults (18 to 24 years old): a qualitative study.

Abstract

Background: The young adult period, encompassing the ages of 18 to 24, is characterized by a rapid increase in weight, particularly among individuals born in recent decades, during which environments have become saturated with inexpensive, palatable, and processed foods. While physiological, environmental, and social factors significantly impact health conditions, decisions such as food selection, also play a critical role over time. Understanding food choices is crucial for developing effective health promotion efforts aimed at addressing the root causes of disease and mortality. The aim of this study is to explain the factors affecting the food choices of Iranian youth.

Methods: The study population comprised young individuals from Mashhad, and interviews continued until data saturation was reached to capture exhaustive insights on the phenomenon. This qualitative study employed semi-structured in-person interviews for data collection, alongside content analysis using an inductive approach based on the methodologies developed by Granheim and Lundman. Data analysis followed a systematic procedure involving transcription, re-reading, categorization of meaning units, coding, and theme extraction, leading to the identification of new concepts. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software.

Results: The results indicated that factors influencing young people's food choices were categorized into three overarching themes: Self-concepts: Personal reflections on food behaviors, Abundance of inventory and manifestation of food quality, and the module of the surrounding social environment. The first theme encompasses categories reflecting various influences on individual-centric food choices. The second theme highlights characteristics of the food itself. Lastly, the third theme focuses on the social and environmental impacts of food selection.

Conclusion: This research explains the multifaceted factors affecting the food choices of young individuals, emphasizing the roles of individual characteristics, social environments, and dietary potential. It underscores the need for targeted interventions that address the diverse influences on dietary behaviors to promote healthier eating among youth.