Green Formulation, Chemical Characterization, and Neuroprotective Properties of Green Tea Green-Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles

Abstract

Cu NPs are utilized in medicine to improve the central nervous system's physiological function. In addition, green tea is a neuroprotective ingredient in several traditional medications. As a novel neuroprotective supplement, we chose to create Cu NPs in an aqueous medium with green tea leaf extract in the most recent work. Cu NPs were characterized using the standard characterization procedures, which include FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. The creation of Cu NPs is approved by the presence of signals in the EDX diagram for C Lα, O Lα, and Cu Lα. The size range of the produced Cu NPs was usually 10–30 nm. The nanoparticles showed crystalline shape and homogeneity. The hydrogen-bonded phenolic O-H group stretching vibrations are related to a wide peak seen at 3422 cm⁻¹. The trypan blue test was applied to determine PC12 cell viability in the biological portion of the current investigation. Rhodamine123 fluorescent dye was applied to examine the MMP, and the caspase activity colorimetric test kit was used to measure caspase-3 activity. Apoptosis and DNA fragmentation were demonstrated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The inflammatory cytokines concentrations were measured using the ELISA. Additionally, in the high concentration of nicotine-treated PC12, Cu NPs-treated cell cutlers dramatically (p ≤ 0.01) increased the MMP and cell survival while lowering the levels of DNA fragmentation. Our study's key conclusion showed that green tea-containing copper nanoparticles inhibited the cell death caused by nicotine in PC12 neuron-like cells. According to the clinical trial, Cu NPs may be used as a neuroprotective supplement to treat illnesses of the central nervous system.