Design of a low voltage LDO powered by solar photovoltaic cell suitable for internet of things (IoT) devices

Abstract

This article explores the design and simulation of a low-voltage, low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator for efficient solar photovoltaic (PV) cell operation. This model stands out for its contribution to a sustainable future. Compared to conventional LDOs, it eliminates the need for external power sources, potentially reducing running costs in the long term. The design prioritizes low dropout voltage to minimize wasted energy, addressing the limitations of traditional LDO when powered by a fluctuating solar PV cell output. A solar PV cell model provided a variable input, achieving successful LDO operation with a regulated output of around 0.9 V from a 1 V input (the output of the electrical equivalent circuit of a solar PV cell). The design achieved a dropout voltage of around 0.1 V and a calculated efficiency of 79.2%. Frequency response analysis indicated excellent operational stability with a high phase margin (85 °) with the d.c. gain of more than 50 dB.