Nematicidal efficacy of native Trichoderma isolates on Meloidogyne incognita and their influence on tomato growth parameters

Puja Jaiswal , Ram Bahadur Khadka , Suraj Baidya , Aashaq Hussain Bhat , Arvind Kumar Keshari
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Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKN), particularly Meloidogyne incognita, pose a major threat to global agriculture, causing significant crop losses. While fungal antagonists like Trichoderma spp. offer eco-friendly alternatives to chemical nematicides, limited research exists on the comparative efficacy of native Trichoderma spp. in controlling M. incognita and enhancing plant growth under both controlled and greenhouse conditions. This study aims to bridge this gap by identifying the most effective Trichoderma spp. with strong nematicidal potential. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the nematicidal activity of 167 Trichoderma isolates against M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) under in vitro conditions, assess the most potent species in greenhouse conditions for their ability to suppress root galling and nematode population, and determine the impact of these species on tomato plant growth parameters. A total of 167 Trichoderma isolates were screened in vitro for their ability to induce mortality in M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) at 24, 48, and 72 h. The most effective species were further tested in greenhouse conditions using Trichoderma conidial suspensions (10⁶ spores/mL) to assess their impact on root galling, nematode population density, and tomato growth. Among them, 22 isolates exhibited strong nematicidal activity (70 %) within 72 h, with T. asperellum SolT6b achieving the highest J2 mortality (91 %), followed by T. afroharzianum ST10 (88.63 %). In greenhouse conditions, SolT6b and ST10 significantly reduced root galling (by 90.4 % and 89.3 %, respectively) and J2 soil populations (by 67.7 % and 66.6 %, respectively) compared to untreated controls. Additionally, Trichoderma treatment enhanced root biomass and overall plant vigor. These findings highlight the potential of native Trichoderma spp. as sustainable biocontrol agents against M. incognita, offering an effective alternative to chemical nematicides and paving the way for Trichoderma-based biocontrol formulations.
原生木霉对番茄蔓结线虫的杀线虫效果及其对番茄生长参数的影响
根结线虫(RKN),特别是隐根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita),对全球农业构成重大威胁,造成重大作物损失。虽然像木霉这样的真菌拮抗剂是化学杀线虫剂的环保替代品,但在控制和温室条件下,对天然木霉在控制隐匿木霉和促进植物生长方面的比较功效研究有限。本研究旨在通过鉴定具有强杀线虫潜能的最有效的木霉来弥合这一差距。本研究的主要目的是在体外条件下评价167株木霉分离株对不认识木霉(M. incognita)二期幼虫(J2)的杀线虫活性,在温室条件下评估最有效的菌株对根系刺痛和线虫数量的抑制能力,并确定这些菌株对番茄植株生长参数的影响。对167株木霉分离株在24、48和72 h时诱导幼年木霉(M. incognita)第二阶段幼虫(J2)死亡的能力进行体外筛选。在温室条件下,利用木霉分生孢子悬浮液(10⁶孢子/mL)对最有效的菌种进行测试,以评估其对番茄根刺痛、线虫种群密度和生长的影响。其中22株在72 h内表现出较强的杀线虫活性(70 %),其中曲霉T. asperellum SolT6b的J2死亡率最高(91 %),其次是非洲稻瘟T. ST10(88.63 %)。在温室条件下,与未经处理的对照相比,SolT6b和ST10显著减少了根腐病(分别减少了90.4 %和89.3% %)和J2土壤种群(分别减少了67.7% %和66.6% %)。此外,木霉处理提高了根系生物量和植株整体活力。这些发现突出了本地木霉作为可持续生物防治黑僵菌的潜力,为化学杀线虫剂提供了有效的替代方案,并为木霉生物防治配方的开发铺平了道路。
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