Optimized hydrogen production through donor-assisted saline water splitting and its techno-economic feasibility

Abstract

This research explores the feasibility of producing green hydrogen through saline water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources like solar photovoltaic. The study aims to minimize energy requirements by directly using seawater as an electrolyte, testing a 3 % NaCl concentration with varying hydrogen peroxide concentrations as a donor at different voltages and currents to optimize hydrogen production. Replacing platinum (Pt) electrodes with titanium-mixed metal oxide (Ti-MMo) electrodes in neutral media significantly reduces production costs. The optimal hydrogen evolution rate (HER) was achieved at 4 V using a 3 % NaCl and 1 % H₂O₂ solution, producing 80 ml/min of hydrogen at a current of 12 A. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) was evaluated using thermal and solar electricity costs of 0.095 USD/kWh and 0.024 USD/kWh, resulting in LCOH values of 9.87 USD/kg and 3.86 USD/kg, respectively. The findings highlight the potential of solar energy to reduce LCOH, making hydrogen production cleaner and more sustainable. The study encourages policymakers and investors to consider increased investment in this sector, as it could drive growth in the energy industry. Ultimately, while solar power significantly lowers LCOH, further advancements in solar panel technology are essential for ensuring long-term sustainability in green hydrogen production.