Prospect of green vehicle sectors in Bangladesh in light of biogas from animal manure through anaerobic digestion

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of biogas production from animal manure in Bangladesh, focusing on its technical feasibility, environmental benefits, and economic viability. Using data from 2023 to 2041, the study projected the technical potential of biogas to increase from 2.65 Bm3 in 2023 to 3.85 Bm3 by 2041, with chicken and cow manure identified as the primary contributors. It was determined that 2041 biogas could replace approximately 3.5 million petrol-powered and 3 million diesel-powered vehicles, significantly reducing the country’s reliance on fossil fuels. The study also revealed that substituting diesel with biogas could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by over 2,040 tons annually by 2041, with Dhaka showing the highest reduction potential. The economic feasibility analysis of a proposed anaerobic digestion (AD) plant indicated a net profit of 61,311.23 M$ over a 20-year lifespan, with an investment payback period (IPBP) of 6.73 years and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 0.062 $/kWh, making biogas a competitive renewable energy source. Additionally, the study highlighted the environmental benefits of AD technology, including waste reduction, nutrient recycling, and the creation of biofertilizers. These findings underscore the significant potential of biogas production to contribute to Bangladesh’s renewable energy goals, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance energy security.