Recent progress of advanced Nanozymes for targeted oncotherapy and synergistic immunotherapy

Abstract

Nanozymes are a type of simulated artificial enzymes that possess both the unique properties of nanomaterials and enzyme functions, making them promising alternatives to natural enzymes in the biomedical field. In recent years, with the cross-fusion of nanomedicine and nanocatalysis, significant efforts have been made to regulate the nanozymes further to realize specific antitumor therapy and simultaneously minimize their side effects. In this review, we introduced the latest advances in the intelligent regulation of nanozymes over the past three years, focusing on their activity and specificity. Through machine learning, bionics and chemical design, the catalytic properties of nanozymes can be reasonably predicted and designed, enabling their application in various scenarios. A brief description was also provided on improving their specificity and biosafety through surface modification, multi-stimulation, and tumorous in-situ synthesis. Furthermore, strategies for augmenting antitumor immunity based on nanozymes were well summarized. Finally, main challenges and prospects were proposed for the further biomedical development of nanozymes, including precise manipulation of catalytic route on demand at the molecular level, the relationship between nanozymes and cellular metabolism, the development of more types of nanozyme activities and the challenges faced in clinical translation.