Functional roles of stepping-leg joint torques in body deceleration during the post-trip landing phase in gait

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.010

Takahiro Nakajima , Shinsuke Yoshioka , Senshi Fukashiro

{"title":"Functional roles of stepping-leg joint torques in body deceleration during the post-trip landing phase in gait","authors":"Takahiro Nakajima , Shinsuke Yoshioka , Senshi Fukashiro","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tripping during walking alters the whole-body linear momentum (WBLM) and angular momentum (WBAM). Inadequate regulation of these changes affects normal gait, potentially resulting in falls and injuries. To avoid these incidents, it is necessary to exert joint torques to generate ground reaction forces (GRFs) that will serve to mitigate WBLM and WBAM changes. However, it remains unclear which joint torques and how they contribute to generating the post-trip GRF.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>How is the GRF generated to control the WBLMs and WBAM during the post-trip landing phase in gait?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve young adults completed 150 walking trials on a walkway, with tripping induced in 60 of them. They were required to recover to normal walking after tripping. Body landmark coordinates and GRF data were obtained using a motion capture system and a force platform, respectively. Joint torques, WBLM, WBAM, and the contribution of each torque to the GRF were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The upward GRF was primarily generated by the ankle-plantarflexion torque of the stepping leg, supported by the knee- and hip-extension torques (contributions to vertical GRF: ankle-plantarflexion, 64.4 ± 7.8 %; knee flexion–extension, 16.3 ± 6.1 %; hip flexion–extension, 8.8 ± 4.3 %). The posterior GRF was mainly generated by the knee- and hip-extension torques (contributions to anterior–posterior GRF: knee flexion–extension, 40.2 ± 8.2 %; hip flexion–extension, 12.9 ± 5.6 %). Additionally, the ankle-plantarflexion torque contributed to the backward GRF moment immediately after post-trip stepping-foot contact (contribution to forward–backward GRF moment: 41.7 ± 4.1 %).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the kinetics of a body's deceleration to prevent falls during the post-trip landing phase and can serve as normative data for fall-prevention programs in rehabilitation settings and the development of powered exoskeletons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 252-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Gait & posture","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636225001420","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Tripping during walking alters the whole-body linear momentum (WBLM) and angular momentum (WBAM). Inadequate regulation of these changes affects normal gait, potentially resulting in falls and injuries. To avoid these incidents, it is necessary to exert joint torques to generate ground reaction forces (GRFs) that will serve to mitigate WBLM and WBAM changes. However, it remains unclear which joint torques and how they contribute to generating the post-trip GRF.

Research question

How is the GRF generated to control the WBLMs and WBAM during the post-trip landing phase in gait?

Methods

Twelve young adults completed 150 walking trials on a walkway, with tripping induced in 60 of them. They were required to recover to normal walking after tripping. Body landmark coordinates and GRF data were obtained using a motion capture system and a force platform, respectively. Joint torques, WBLM, WBAM, and the contribution of each torque to the GRF were calculated.

Results

The upward GRF was primarily generated by the ankle-plantarflexion torque of the stepping leg, supported by the knee- and hip-extension torques (contributions to vertical GRF: ankle-plantarflexion, 64.4 ± 7.8 %; knee flexion–extension, 16.3 ± 6.1 %; hip flexion–extension, 8.8 ± 4.3 %). The posterior GRF was mainly generated by the knee- and hip-extension torques (contributions to anterior–posterior GRF: knee flexion–extension, 40.2 ± 8.2 %; hip flexion–extension, 12.9 ± 5.6 %). Additionally, the ankle-plantarflexion torque contributed to the backward GRF moment immediately after post-trip stepping-foot contact (contribution to forward–backward GRF moment: 41.7 ± 4.1 %).

Significance

The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the kinetics of a body's deceleration to prevent falls during the post-trip landing phase and can serve as normative data for fall-prevention programs in rehabilitation settings and the development of powered exoskeletons.

查看原文本刊更多论文

步-腿关节力矩在行走后落地阶段身体减速中的功能作用

行走时绊倒会改变全身线性动量（WBLM）和角动量（WBAM）。对这些变化的调节不足会影响正常的步态，可能导致跌倒和受伤。为了避免这些事件，有必要施加关节扭矩来产生地面反作用力（grf），以减轻WBLM和WBAM的变化。然而，目前尚不清楚哪些关节扭矩以及它们如何产生行程后GRF。研究问题：如何生成GRF来控制行走后着陆阶段的wblm和WBAM ？12名年轻人在人行道上完成了150次步行试验，其中60人被绊倒。他们被要求在绊倒后恢复正常行走。使用运动捕捉系统和力平台分别获得身体地标坐标和GRF数据。计算了关节力矩、WBLM、WBAM以及各力矩对GRF的贡献。结果上向GRF主要由踏腿的踝关节-跖关节屈曲力矩产生，并由膝关节和髋关节的伸直力矩支持(对垂直GRF的贡献：踝关节-跖关节屈曲，64.4 ± 7.8 %；膝关节屈伸，16.3 ± 6.1 %；髋屈伸，8.8 ± 4.3 %)。后路GRF主要由膝关节和髋关节的伸展力矩产生(对前后路GRF的贡献：膝关节屈伸，40.2 ± 8.2 %；髋屈伸，12.9 ± 5.6 %)。此外，踝关节-足底屈曲力矩对后踏脚接触后立即向后GRF力矩的贡献（对向前向后GRF力矩的贡献：41.7 ± 4.1 %）。本研究的发现增强了对身体减速动力学的理解，以防止在旅行后着陆阶段跌倒，并可以作为康复环境中预防跌倒计划和动力外骨骼开发的规范性数据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Gait & posture 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

12.50%

发文量

616

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Gait & Posture is a vehicle for the publication of up-to-date basic and clinical research on all aspects of locomotion and balance. The topics covered include: Techniques for the measurement of gait and posture, and the standardization of results presentation; Studies of normal and pathological gait; Treatment of gait and postural abnormalities; Biomechanical and theoretical approaches to gait and posture; Mathematical models of joint and muscle mechanics; Neurological and musculoskeletal function in gait and posture; The evolution of upright posture and bipedal locomotion; Adaptations of carrying loads, walking on uneven surfaces, climbing stairs etc; spinal biomechanics only if they are directly related to gait and/or posture and are of general interest to our readers; The effect of aging and development on gait and posture; Psychological and cultural aspects of gait; Patient education.