Olive pomace-derived graphene quantum dots decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient malathion removal from environmental water: Theoretical and experimental studies

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112255

Abdeslam Assafi , Mohamed Amine Zarouki , Lamia Hejji , Youssef Aoulad El Hadj Ali , Anas Chraka , Luis Pérez-Villarejo , Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto , Badredine Souhail , Abdelmonaim Azzouz

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Abstract

With increasing water pollution, research has focused on developing green, cost-effective, and sustainable materials for efficient water treatment. In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) derived from olive pomace were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method and decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) to form GQDs@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites for malathion removal from environmental water. The physicochemical properties of these nanocomposites were characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. The adsorption efficiency of the synthesized adsorbent was evaluated by measuring its adsorption capacity and removal efficiency, considering various parameters such as initial pH, initial concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and salt concentration. Adsorption behavior was analyzed using kinetic and isothermal models, revealing that the Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.9996) and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R² = 0.9998) provided the best fit for the malathion adsorption process. Under optimal conditions (5 mg L⁻¹ malathion, 30 mg adsorbent, 210 min), a maximum removal efficiency of 87.19 ± 4.47 % was achieved at 298.15 K, increasing to 97.24 ± 2.19 % at 323.15 K. When applied to real water samples from river and dam sources, the nanocomposites maintained a removal efficiency of 73–67 %, demonstrating their practical applicability. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of malathion on the adsorbent surface post-adsorption, providing insights into the adsorption mechanism, which was further investigated through theoretical calculations. These findings highlight the high adsorption capacity, rapid removal efficiency, and reusability of GQDs@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites, demonstrating their potential as an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective solution for pesticide removal from aquatic environments.

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来源期刊

Diamond and Related Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

14.60%

发文量

702

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： DRM is a leading international journal that publishes new fundamental and applied research on all forms of diamond, the integration of diamond with other advanced materials and development of technologies exploiting diamond. The synthesis, characterization and processing of single crystal diamond, polycrystalline films, nanodiamond powders and heterostructures with other advanced materials are encouraged topics for technical and review articles. In addition to diamond, the journal publishes manuscripts on the synthesis, characterization and application of other related materials including diamond-like carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron and carbon nitrides. Articles are sought on the chemical functionalization of diamond and related materials as well as their use in electrochemistry, energy storage and conversion, chemical and biological sensing, imaging, thermal management, photonic and quantum applications, electron emission and electronic devices. The International Conference on Diamond and Carbon Materials has evolved into the largest and most well attended forum in the field of diamond, providing a forum to showcase the latest results in the science and technology of diamond and other carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and diamond-like carbon. Run annually in association with Diamond and Related Materials the conference provides junior and established researchers the opportunity to exchange the latest results ranging from fundamental physical and chemical concepts to applied research focusing on the next generation carbon-based devices.