Oxazine-based Molecular Switches with Finely Tunable pH and Temperature Sensitivity via Substituent Engineering

Abstract

We report oxazine-coumarin molecular switches with tunable pH and temperature sensitivity achieved through para-substituent engineering. The switches show pH transition points spanning three units with Hammett constant correlation. Strategic pH adjustment reveals a "sweet spot" where temperature sensitivity is synergistically amplified, offering new possibilities for responsive molecular sensors.