Poly-T-Modified Gold Nanorods Suppress Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation for Periodontitis Therapy

Abstract

Traditional treatments for periodontitis are limited by their inability to adequately modulate the immune response and control inflammation. Recently, nucleic acid-modified nanomaterials have attracted significant attention for their potential in regulating inflammation. Among these, most nanomaterials, such as spherical nucleic acids, tend to exhibit pro-inflammatory effects. In this study, we identified for the first time that poly-T sequence-modified gold nanorods (PTM AuNRs) possess significant anti-inflammatory properties. The PTM AuNRs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and efficacy in treating ligation-induced periodontitis. PTM AuNRs modulate immune responses by inhibiting the differentiation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels through promoting AMPK activation. When administered via local injection, PTM AuNRs effectively suppress inflammatory response and inflammatory cell infiltration, downregulate inflammatory cytokine levels, and mitigate collagen fiber degradation and alveolar bone loss. Together, these findings highlight PTM AuNRs as a promising and innovative therapeutic strategy for periodontitis management.