Spectrum of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Metabolic disorders like insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and central obesity, are common in diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and presentations of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetic (T2DM) of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Endocrinology in BIRDEM General Hospital, Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020 including 151 T2DM patients. Face-to-face interview, anthropometric measurements and review of laboratory records were used for data collection. Four different criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome: WHO criteria, IDF criteria, NCEP ATP III criteria and Harmonized Criteria. Frequency distribution for categorical variables and mean with standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables were calculated. Chi-squared test was used to explore the factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our included patients was 70.0% according to the WHO criteria, 79.5% according to the IDF criteria, 74.8% according to the NCEP ATP III criteria and 90.7% according to the Harmonized Criteria. Central obesity was the most prevalent component of metabolic syndrome among our patients followed by hyperglycemia, hypertension, low HDL and high TG level. Prevalence was high in elderly and female patients. Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among T2DM patients of Bangladesh. Adequate screening for early diagnosis and management is crucial to mitigate the burden of morbidity and mortality related to metabolic syndrome.