Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines: a One Health approach.

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2025-03-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fpara.2025.1557608
Jannette Depay Awisan, Pilarita Tongol Rivera, Jose Ma Moncada Angeles
{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines: a One Health approach.","authors":"Jannette Depay Awisan, Pilarita Tongol Rivera, Jose Ma Moncada Angeles","doi":"10.3389/fpara.2025.1557608","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Cryptosporidium</i> species are zoonotic protozoa responsible for cryptosporidiosis, a serious public health concern for humans and animals. These protozoa are recognized for their capacity to infect various hosts, resulting in outbreaks that can cause significant health and economic consequences. The One Health approach considers human, animal, and environmental health interconnectedness and is vital in understanding and controlling the spread of such zoonotic diseases. This study adopts this approach to evaluate the prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in humans, companion animals, livestock, and environmental water sources in La Trinidad, Benguet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2020 to January 2022, adhering to research ethical standards approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and following COVID-19 safety protocols such as social distancing, use of PPE, and regular sanitation of equipment and facilities. Stratified random sampling resulted in 314 participating households, which provided fecal samples from humans (up to two members), companion animals, and livestock. Samples were analyzed using microscopy (Sugar Flotation Technique, Formalin Ether Concentration Technique, and Kinyoun staining) and molecular methods, with genomic DNA extracted and nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Water samples from 19 community sites underwent filtration and nested PCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 493 human, 363 animal, and 19 water samples analyzed, microscopic analysis revealed that 151 samples tested positive for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> oocysts, and molecular confirmation identified 135 (15.77%) as <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>. Livestock exhibited the highest prevalence (37.27%), followed by companion animals (18.58%) and humans (9.33%), indicating significant zoonotic transmission risks and highlighting the need for improved biosecurity measures. All water samples were negative.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The high burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in livestock presents significant risks for zoonotic transmission and reflects major shortcomings in biosecurity and sanitation. In contrast, the low human prevalence of COVID-19 suggests that enhancing hygiene practices combined with social restraint may help control infectious events. Further research is required to confirm this relationship. These results highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce transmission risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in parasitology","volume":"4 ","pages":"1557608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949896/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in parasitology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpara.2025.1557608","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Cryptosporidium species are zoonotic protozoa responsible for cryptosporidiosis, a serious public health concern for humans and animals. These protozoa are recognized for their capacity to infect various hosts, resulting in outbreaks that can cause significant health and economic consequences. The One Health approach considers human, animal, and environmental health interconnectedness and is vital in understanding and controlling the spread of such zoonotic diseases. This study adopts this approach to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in humans, companion animals, livestock, and environmental water sources in La Trinidad, Benguet.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2020 to January 2022, adhering to research ethical standards approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and following COVID-19 safety protocols such as social distancing, use of PPE, and regular sanitation of equipment and facilities. Stratified random sampling resulted in 314 participating households, which provided fecal samples from humans (up to two members), companion animals, and livestock. Samples were analyzed using microscopy (Sugar Flotation Technique, Formalin Ether Concentration Technique, and Kinyoun staining) and molecular methods, with genomic DNA extracted and nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Water samples from 19 community sites underwent filtration and nested PCR analysis.

Results: From the 493 human, 363 animal, and 19 water samples analyzed, microscopic analysis revealed that 151 samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts, and molecular confirmation identified 135 (15.77%) as Cryptosporidium parvum. Livestock exhibited the highest prevalence (37.27%), followed by companion animals (18.58%) and humans (9.33%), indicating significant zoonotic transmission risks and highlighting the need for improved biosecurity measures. All water samples were negative.

Discussion: The high burden of Cryptosporidium in livestock presents significant risks for zoonotic transmission and reflects major shortcomings in biosecurity and sanitation. In contrast, the low human prevalence of COVID-19 suggests that enhancing hygiene practices combined with social restraint may help control infectious events. Further research is required to confirm this relationship. These results highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce transmission risks.

隐孢子虫在拉特立尼达,本盖特,菲律宾的流行:一个健康方法。
隐孢子虫是引起隐孢子虫病的人畜共患原虫,隐孢子虫病是人类和动物严重的公共卫生问题。这些原生动物因其感染各种宿主的能力而得到认可,从而导致可能造成重大健康和经济后果的疫情。“同一个健康”方法考虑到人类、动物和环境卫生的相互联系,对于理解和控制此类人畜共患疾病的传播至关重要。本研究采用该方法评估隐孢子虫在La Trinidad, Benguet的人类、伴侣动物、牲畜和环境水源中的流行情况。方法:在2020年9月至2022年1月期间进行了一项横断面描述性研究,遵循机构审查委员会(IRB)批准的研究伦理标准,并遵循COVID-19安全方案,如保持社交距离、使用个人防护装备和定期清洁设备和设施。分层随机抽样产生了314个参与家庭,这些家庭提供了人类(最多两名成员)、伴侣动物和牲畜的粪便样本。采用显微镜(糖浮技术、福尔马林醚浓缩技术和金扬染色)和分子方法对样品进行分析,提取基因组DNA,并针对18S rRNA基因进行巢式PCR。对19个社区站点的水样进行过滤和巢式PCR分析。结果:从493份人样、363份动物样和19份水样中,显微镜分析显示151份隐孢子虫卵囊阳性,分子鉴定135份(15.77%)为细小隐孢子虫。牲畜的患病率最高(37.27%),其次是伴侣动物(18.58%)和人类(9.33%),这表明人畜共患疾病的传播风险很大,需要加强生物安全措施。所有水样均为阴性。讨论:牲畜隐孢子虫的高负担带来了人畜共患传播的重大风险,反映了生物安全和卫生方面的重大缺陷。相比之下,COVID-19人类流行率较低表明,加强卫生习惯与社会约束相结合可能有助于控制传染性事件。需要进一步的研究来证实这种关系。这些结果突出表明,需要采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施,以减少传播风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信