Advancements and challenges in personalized neoantigen-based cancer vaccines.

IF 3.1 Q2 ONCOLOGY
Oncology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/or.2025.1541326
Parminder Singh, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Roopashree R, Mandeep Kaur, Manish Srivastava, Amit Barwal, G V Siva Rajput, Pranchal Rajput, Rukshar Syed, Gajendra Sharma, Sunil Kumar, Muhammed Shabil, Sakshi Pandey, Manvinder Brar, Ganesh Bushi, Rachana Mehta, Sanjit Sah, Khang Wen Goh, Prakasini Satapathy, Abhay M Gaidhane, Shailesh Kumar Samal
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Advancements in personalized neoantigen-based cancer vaccines are ushering in a new era in oncology, targeting unique genetic alterations within tumors to enhance treatment precision and efficacy. Neoantigens, specific to cancer cells and absent in normal tissues, are at the heart of these vaccines, promising to direct the immune system specifically against the tumor, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. The identification of neoantigens through genomic and proteomic technologies is central to developing these vaccines, allowing for the precise mapping of a tumor's mutational landscape. Despite advancements, accurately predicting which neoantigens will elicit strong immune responses remains challenging due to tumor variability and the complexity of immune system interactions. This necessitates further refinement of bioinformatics tools and predictive models. Moreover, the efficacy of these vaccines heavily depends on innovative delivery methods that enhance neoantigen presentation to the immune system. Techniques like encapsulating neoantigens in lipid nanoparticles and using viral vectors are critical for improving vaccine stability and delivery. Additionally, these vaccines contribute towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.8, promoting universal health coverage by advancing access to safe and effective cancer treatments. This review delves into the potential of neoantigen-based vaccines to transform cancer treatment, examining both revolutionary advancements and the ongoing challenges they face.

个体化基于新抗原的癌症疫苗的进展和挑战。
个性化的基于新抗原的癌症疫苗的进步正在引领肿瘤学的新时代,针对肿瘤内独特的基因改变,以提高治疗精度和疗效。新抗原是癌细胞特有的,正常组织中不存在,是这些疫苗的核心,有望指导免疫系统特异性地对抗肿瘤,从而最大限度地提高治疗效果,同时最大限度地减少副作用。通过基因组学和蛋白质组学技术鉴定新抗原是开发这些疫苗的核心,可以精确绘制肿瘤突变景观。尽管取得了进展,但由于肿瘤的可变性和免疫系统相互作用的复杂性,准确预测哪些新抗原将引起强烈的免疫反应仍然具有挑战性。这需要进一步完善生物信息学工具和预测模型。此外,这些疫苗的效力在很大程度上取决于创新的递送方法,以增强新抗原向免疫系统的呈递。将新抗原包封在脂质纳米颗粒中和使用病毒载体等技术对于提高疫苗的稳定性和递送至关重要。此外,这些疫苗有助于实现可持续发展目标3.8,即通过促进获得安全有效的癌症治疗来促进全民健康覆盖。这篇综述深入探讨了基于新抗原的疫苗改变癌症治疗的潜力,检查了革命性的进步和他们面临的持续挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Oncology Reviews
Oncology Reviews ONCOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
审稿时长
9 weeks
期刊介绍: Oncology Reviews is a quarterly peer-reviewed, international journal that publishes authoritative state-of-the-art reviews on preclinical and clinical aspects of oncology. The journal will provide up-to-date information on the latest achievements in different fields of oncology for both practising clinicians and basic researchers. Oncology Reviews aims at being international in scope and readership, as reflected also by its Editorial Board, gathering the world leading experts in both pre-clinical research and everyday clinical practice. The journal is open for publication of supplements, monothematic issues and for publishing abstracts of scientific meetings; conditions can be obtained from the Editor-in-Chief or the publisher.
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