Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Arterial Dissection-Associated Stroke: A 21-Year Cohort Study from the Japan Stroke Data Bank.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the risk factors, location, treatment, and outcomes of stroke due to arterial dissection, we examined these characteristics in a substantial, long-standing, nationwide stroke cohort.

Methods: The study participants were patients with acute stroke who were registered in the Japan Stroke Data Bank between January 1999 and December 2020. We focused on patients with stroke caused by extracranial or intracranial artery dissection and examined their clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. In addition, we compared the results between clinical subtypes with and without dissection.

Results: Among the 218,799 registered patients with acute stroke, 1,353 (0.62%) were attributed to artery dissection. Of these, 880 patients had ischemic stroke, 16 had intracerebral hemorrhage, and 457 had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Dissection cases were most prevalent among individuals in their 40s and 50s, with intracranial vertebral artery dissection being the primary cause of ischemic stroke and SAH. Male sex, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and a history of smoking were associated with a higher likelihood of ischemic stroke than SAH. Unfavorable outcomes, defined as a modified Rankin score ≥ 4 at discharge, were observed in 18.9% of ischemic stroke cases and 42.6% of SAH cases with dissection. Neurological severity and older age at admission are associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke and SAH.

Conclusions: Ischemic stroke was the most frequent subtype of stroke in patients with arterial dissection, followed by SAH. Patients with stroke due to dissection were younger than those without. Neurological severity and older age at admission are substantial risk factors for unfavorable stroke outcomes due to artery dissection.