Enhanced Long-Term Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties of Silver-Loaded Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays for Implant Applications.

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY

International Journal of Nanomedicine Pub Date : 2025-03-24 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/IJN.S493754

Yicun Yao, Peifen Lin, Dongping Ye, Haixiong Miao, Lin Cao, Peng Zhang, Jiake Xu, Libing Dai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This study explored constructing silver-loaded titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO₂ NT) arrays on titanium surfaces using anodic oxidation combined with ion implantation. We assessed the cytocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and osteogenic potential of these silver-loaded TiO₂ NT arrays, along with the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: We utilized anodization to create TiO₂ NT arrays and employed ion implantation to load silver ions, categorizing samples into groups NT-Ag-II-L, NT-Ag-II-M, and NT-Ag-II-H based on different Ag ion dosages. Characterization was performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We evaluated cell compatibility and assessed the antimicrobial performance and Ag ion release profiles. The osteogenic ability of the samples was measured, and the effects on ERK5 and osteogenesis-related factors were analyzed. To clarify the role of ERK5 in osteogenesis, we inhibited the ERK5 pathway using BIX02188 and subsequently re-evaluated osteogenic capacity in co-cultured cells.

Results: SEM analysis showed that in the NT-Ag-II-M group, Ag ions exhibited a flake-like distribution atop the TiO₂ NTs, while NT-Ag-II-L and NT-Ag-II-H groups presented clustered grid structures. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) confirmed orderly Ag ion arrangements within the lumens of the nanotubes. Notably, the silver-loaded TiO₂ NT arrays did not inhibit MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and enhanced early cellular adhesion. All samples displayed significant antimicrobial activity initially, which decreased after seven days; however, Ag ion release decreased gradually over the first 14 days before stabilizing. Additionally, the samples increased alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, and extracellular matrix mineralization, up-regulating ERK5 and other osteogenic factors. Inhibition of the ERK5 pathway suppressed the osteogenic capabilities of the samples.

Conclusion: Anodization and ion implantation successfully produced silver-loaded TiO₂ NT arrays on titanium surfaces, demonstrating no cytotoxicity, sustained antimicrobial properties, and enhanced osteogenic potential. The antimicrobial effect relates to silver ion release, whereas osteogenesis is promoted by ERK5 signaling triggered by silver ions.

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用于植入物的负载银二氧化钛纳米管阵列增强长期抗菌和成骨性能。

目的：研究采用阳极氧化结合离子注入的方法在钛表面构建负载银的二氧化钛纳米管（TiO2 NT）阵列。我们评估了这些载银TiO2 NT阵列的细胞相容性、抗菌性能和成骨潜力，以及潜在的机制。方法：采用阳极氧化法制备TiO2 NT阵列，并采用离子注入加载银离子，根据银离子剂量将样品分为NT-Ag- ii - l、NT-Ag- ii - m和NT-Ag- ii - h。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行表征。我们评估了细胞相容性，并评估了抗菌性能和银离子释放谱。测定样品的成骨能力，分析其对ERK5及成骨相关因素的影响。为了阐明ERK5在成骨中的作用，我们使用BIX02188抑制ERK5通路，随后重新评估共培养细胞的成骨能力。结果：SEM分析表明，在NT-Ag-II-M组中，Ag离子在TiO2 nt上呈片状分布，而NT-Ag-II-L和NT-Ag-II-H组呈簇状网格结构。能量过滤透射电子显微镜（EFTEM）证实了纳米管腔内有序的Ag离子排列。值得注意的是，负载银的TiO2 NT阵列并未抑制MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖，而是增强了细胞的早期粘附。所有样品最初都显示出显著的抗菌活性，7天后活性下降；然而，在前14天，Ag的释放逐渐减少，然后趋于稳定。此外，碱性磷酸酶活性、胶原分泌和细胞外基质矿化增加，ERK5等成骨因子上调。抑制ERK5通路抑制了样品的成骨能力。结论：阳极氧化和离子注入成功地在钛表面制备了负载银的TiO2 NT阵列，表现出无细胞毒性、持续的抗菌性能和增强的成骨潜能。抗菌作用与银离子释放有关，而成骨是由银离子触发的ERK5信号传导促进的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Nanomedicine NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

CiteScore

14.40

自引率

3.80%

发文量

511

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Nanomedicine is a globally recognized journal that focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. It is a peer-reviewed and open-access publication that covers diverse aspects of this rapidly evolving research area. With its strong emphasis on the clinical potential of nanoparticles in disease diagnostics, prevention, and treatment, the journal aims to showcase cutting-edge research and development in the field. Starting from now, the International Journal of Nanomedicine will not accept meta-analyses for publication.