Toxic metal levels in cow bulk milk, yoghurt, and kashk in southwest Iran: health risk assessment.

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

International Journal of Environmental Health Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1080/09603123.2025.2486599

Maryam Montaseri, Alireza Zakeri, Hanieh Amininezhad, Saeid Hosseinzadeh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study assessed lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) concentrations in bulk milk tanks (n = 75) and dairy products, including yoghurt (n = 10) and kashk (n = 20) from southwestern Iran, using AA500FG flame and graphite atomic absorption spectrometer. Health risk was assessed (EDI, EWI, THQ), and (ILCR). The mean concentrations of Pb (0.017 mg/kg) and Cd (0.001 mg/kg) in raw milk samples did not exceed the maximum permissible limits (MPLs). However, 12/75 (16%) and 75/75 (100%) milk samples revealed Pb and Cu higher than the MPLs. The metal concentrations in the yoghurt samples were lower than the MPLs. All (100%) kashk samples interestingly contained Pb beyond the MPL, and 20% of the samples had higher levels of Cu than the MPL. Pb, Cd, and Cu concentrations in the kashk samples were significantly higher than those in the other samples (p < 0.05). EDI and EWI values were lower than PTDI and PTWI values in all samples. There were no carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic health concerns in adults or children. This study clarified the importance of Pb and Cu metals in raw milk and kashk products from Fars, Iran, and highlighted the more probable role of polluted environment.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Environmental Health Research 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

134

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal of Environmental Health Research ( IJEHR ) is devoted to the rapid publication of research in environmental health, acting as a link between the diverse research communities and practitioners in environmental health. Published articles encompass original research papers, technical notes and review articles. IJEHR publishes articles on all aspects of the interaction between the environment and human health. This interaction can broadly be divided into three areas: the natural environment and health – health implications and monitoring of air, water and soil pollutants and pollution and health improvements and air, water and soil quality standards; the built environment and health – occupational health and safety, exposure limits, monitoring and control of pollutants in the workplace, and standards of health; and communicable diseases – disease spread, control and prevention, food hygiene and control, and health aspects of rodents and insects. IJEHR is published in association with the International Federation of Environmental Health and includes news from the Federation of international meetings, courses and environmental health issues.