DIAGNOSTIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ONYCHOMYCOSES.

Q4 Medicine
Georgian medical news Pub Date : 2025-01-01
K Yurko, G Chekhovska, G Gradil, D Katsapov, N Merkulova, O Mohylenets, I Bodnia, Y Burma, O Tsyko, O Onikiienko, V Gargin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail, causing discoloration and thickening of the affected nail plate, and is the most common nail infection worldwide. Microscopy and fungal culture are the gold standard techniques for onychomycosis diagnosis. At the same time, the culture method is long-term and requires significant costs. In this regard, a promising direction in laboratory diagnostics of onychomycosis is the detection of genetic markers of onychomycosis pathogens using polymerase chain reaction. The goal of current work is optimization of diagnostic care for patients with onychomycosis through the use of PCR, epiluminescent diagnostics and therapeutic agents that improve the structure of nail plates.

Material and methods: The work is based on the results of observations of 343 patients with fungal lesions of the nails of the hands and feet, which were on inpatient and outpatient treatment, as well as data from laboratory and instrumental studies. Mycological examination of patients included microscopic examination of pathological material (pieces of nail fragments) and cultural study. PCR was performed using a reagent kit with primers to determine the presence of DNA specific to Trichophyton rubrum and PCR with panfungal primers. Epiluminescence surface microscopy of affected nail plates was performed.

Results: After calculations using standard methods, it was determined that the sensitivity for PCR is 91.9%, for microscopy - 75.9%, for culture - only 44.3%. The specificity for PCR is 71.4%, for microscopy - 83.3%, for culture - 100.0%. The diagnostic accuracy rate for PCR was 90.3%, for microscopy - 76.3%, and for culture - 47.3%. The higher the sensitivity of the method, the more often pathological changes are detected with their help, and accordingly, the more effective it is. The excess of PCR sensitivity rates compared to microscopy by 16.0% and culture by 47.6% and the high specificity rate (71.4%) indicate the possibility of increasing the detection of patients with onychomycosis through the use of the molecular method of research.

Conclusions: The proposed algorithm for managing patients and a comprehensive method of treating patients with onychomycosis, involving both antifungal agents and drugs, contributes to obtaining a timely diagnosis and prescribing therapy aimed at improving the structure of the nail plates.

甲真菌病患者的诊断管理。
甲真菌病是指甲的一种真菌感染,引起受影响的甲板变色和增厚,是世界上最常见的指甲感染。显微镜和真菌培养是诊断甲癣的金标准技术。同时,培养方法是长期的,需要显著的成本。因此,应用聚合酶链反应检测甲霉病病原体的遗传标记是甲霉病实验室诊断的一个有前景的方向。当前工作的目标是通过使用PCR、脱毛诊断和改善甲板结构的治疗剂来优化甲真菌病患者的诊断护理。材料和方法:这项工作是基于343例住院和门诊治疗的手脚指甲真菌病变患者的观察结果,以及实验室和仪器研究的数据。患者的真菌学检查包括病理材料(指甲碎片)的显微镜检查和培养研究。用带引物的试剂盒检测红毛癣菌特异性DNA,用泛真菌引物进行PCR检测。对患甲板进行脱毛表面显微镜观察。结果:经标准方法计算,PCR敏感性为91.9%,显微镜敏感性为75.9%,培养敏感性仅为44.3%。PCR特异性为71.4%,镜检特异性为83.3%,培养特异性为100.0%。PCR诊断准确率为90.3%,镜检为76.3%,培养为47.3%。该方法的灵敏度越高,在其帮助下检测到的病理变化就越多,相应的,效果也就越好。PCR的敏感性比镜检高16.0%,比培养高47.6%,特异度高71.4%,表明利用分子研究方法增加甲癣患者检出率的可能性。结论:本文提出的甲真菌病患者管理算法和综合治疗方法,包括抗真菌药物和药物,有助于及时诊断和处方治疗,以改善甲板结构。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Georgian medical news
Georgian medical news Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
207
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